Start-up treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge using Napier Grass in wetland system

Ujang, Farhana Aziz; Osman, Nurul Atiqah; Idris, Juferi; Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi; Hassan, Mohd Ali; Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012008

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Each system was constructed from a 60 L (57.5 cm × 40.5 cm × 38.5 cm) plastic container. The containers were filled with fine sands, coarse sand, and crushed run stones at a ratio of 1:1:1 9 . The sand, coarse sand and crushed run stones were sun dried for 1 week to reduce the moisture content to almost 0%.…”

Section: Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge Analysis the Pome Fdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Osman

Ujang

Roslan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Phytoremediation is one of the environmental-friendly and cost-effective systems for the treatment of wastewater, including industrial wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD). However, the effects of the wastewater on the phytoremediator plants, in term of growth performance, lignocellulosic composition, and the presence of nutrients and heavy metals in the plants are not yet well studied. In the present work, we demonstrated that POME FD increased the growth of P. purpureum. The height increment of P. purpureum supplied with POME FD (treatment) was 61.72% as compared to those supplied with rain water (control) which was 14.42%. For lignocellulosic composition, the cellulose percentages were 38.77 ± 0.29% (treatment) and 34.16 ± 1.01% (control), and the difference was significant. These results indicated that POME FD could be a source of plant nutrients, which P. purpureum can absorb for growth. It was also found that the heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb) inside the plant were below the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). Since POME FD was shown to have no adverse effects on P. purpureum, further research regarding the potential application of P. purpureum following phytoremediation of POME FD such as biofuel production is warranted to evaluate its potential use to fit into the waste-to-wealth agenda. Pollution of soil and water caused by wastewater is one of the major global threats that our environment is facing today. One of the wastewater source is palm oil mill effluent final discharge (POME FD), which is a by-product of palm oil extraction process. Since Malaysia is the world's second largest producer and exporter of palm oil, thus, a large amount of POME is generate annually 1. It is estimated that for every tonne of crude palm oil produced, about 2.5 to 3.5 tonne of POME is generated 2. POME is considered as the main source of water pollution in Malaysia due to the high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) that causes a reduction of the biodiversity and ability of aquatic ecosystem 3,4. Furthermore, the damages to the river cannot be undone easily. Since POME is generated in huge amounts at a time, it is very difficult to manage, and the treatment of this wastewater is expensive. Consequently, the cheapest and easiest way for this wastewater disposal that have been practiced in Malaysia is by discharging the treated POME to the nearby river or stream 2,5,6. However, Madaki and Seng 7 noted that even treated POME (POME FD) still poses adverse effects on the environment; an observation also supported by the findings of Ibrahim et al. 8. This is due to it still containing significant amount of organic matter. For that reasons, Ujang et al. 9 has decided to further treat the POME FD using Napier grass constructed wetland in a process called phytoremediation, and thus, achieved 71.57% of COD and 83.59% of total suspended solid (TSS) reduction. Phytoremediation is a process where plant naturally degrade, remove, or immobilize ...

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Section: Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge Analysis the Pome Fdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Osman

Ujang

Roslan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Optimal design options for different types of effluents have been tested, such as domestic (Engida et al 2020;Salih et al 2017;Koottatep et al 2001;Liamlaem et al 2019), municipal landfill leachate in Thailand and Malaysia (Akinbile et al 2012;Ogata et al 2015;Sawaittayothin and Polprasert 2007), industrial effluent from the batik industry in Indonesia (Effendi et al 2018;Rahmadyanti et al 2020), seafood industry in Thailand (Yirong and Puetpaiboon 2004) or palm oil industry in Malaysia (Sa'At et al 2019; Ujang et al 2018), biochemical effluent (Meutia 2001;Vo et al 2019) or agricultural wastewater in Malaysia and Thailand (Kantawanichkul et al 2003;Liang et al 2017;Pongthornpruek 2017). Studies in Singapore and Thailand also examined the role of constructed wetlands for pharmaceutical removal (Vo et al 2019;Zhang et al 2015Zhang et al , 2012.…”

Section: Wastewater Quality Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue–Green Infrastructure for Flood and Water Quality Management in Southeast Asia: Evidence and Knowledge Gaps

Hamel

Tan

2021

Environmental Management

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In Southeast Asia, projections of rapid urban growth coupled with high water-related risks call for large investments in infrastructure—including in blue–green infrastructure (BGI) such as forests, parks, or vegetated engineered systems. However, most of the knowledge on BGI is produced in the global North, overlooking the diversity of urban contexts globally. Here, we review the literature on BGI for flood risk mitigation and water quality improvement in Southeast Asian cities to understand the scope of practical knowledge and identify research needs. We searched for evidence of local types of BGI in peer-reviewed and grey literature and assessed the performance of BGI based on hydrological, societal, and environmental metrics. The body of literature on BGI in Southeast Asia is small and dominated by wealthier countries but we found evidence of uptake among researchers and practitioners in most countries. Bioretention systems, constructed wetlands, and green cover received the most attention in research. Evidence from modelling and laboratory studies confirmed the potential for BGI to address flooding and water quality issues in the region. However, practical knowledge to mainstream the implementation of BGI remains limited, with insufficient primary hydrological data and information on societal and environmental impacts. In addition, the performance of BGI in combination with grey infrastructure, under climate change, or in informal settlements is poorly studied. Future research and practice should focus on producing and sharing empirical data, ultimately increasing the regional knowledge base to promote efficient BGI strategies.

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“…The phytodegradation ability of P. purpureum has been tested by Ujang et al (2018) by determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia degradation and colour removal of palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge using a constructed wetland system. The results obtained from this study showed that P. purpureum successfully reduced COD level by 71.57%, ammonia by 85.97% and colour intensity by 87.62%.…”

Section: Phytodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of P. purpureum wetland system can be constructed either in a laboratory scale, pilot scale or large scale depending on their purpose and application. For instance, Ujang et al (2018) designed a pilot scale size (0.09 m 3 ) of horizontal flow constructed wetland for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent final discharge. The capacity of water loading for this design is about 5 L per day.…”

Section: Applications Of Pennisetum Purpureummentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of Pennisetum purpureum for phytoremediation and bioenergy production: a mini review

Osman

Roslan

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

APJMBB

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Organic and/or heavy metal pollutants in soil and wastewater can be remediated by phytoremediation. Phytoremediation combines the disciplines of plant physiology, soil microbiology and soil chemistry. There are several ways by which plants extract, stabilize, filtrate, volatilize or degrade the contaminants. However, the effectiveness of phytoremediation relies upon the type of plant used. Pennisetum purpureum, commonly referred to as Napier grass, is one of the exceptional phytoremediators due to its rapid growth rate and ability to survive in highly contaminated soils. In the present review, the potential use and applicability of P. purpureum to remediate various contaminated areas was highlighted and comprehensively discussed, especially the five phytoremediation mechanisms involved (i.e., phytodegradation, phytoextraction, phytofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization). The application and management of P. purpureum in soil and wastewater phytoremediation were also critically presented. The coupling of phytoremediation and bioenergy is the zero-waste concept that can be applied since P. purpureum contains high lignocellulosic content that can be utilized as carbon source for biofuel production, such as ethanol and butanol.

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Start-up treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge using Napier Grass in wetland system

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

The effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge on the Characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum

Blue–Green Infrastructure for Flood and Water Quality Management in Southeast Asia: Evidence and Knowledge Gaps

Potential use of Pennisetum purpureum for phytoremediation and bioenergy production: a mini review

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