State of the World's Nonfuel Mineral Resources: Supply, Demand, and Socio-Institutional Fundamentals

Poulton, Mary M.; Jagers, Sverker C.; Linde, Stefan; Zyl, Dirk van; Danielson, Luke; Matti, Simon

doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-022310-094734

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A full uncertainty analysis is performed as part of focused metal analyses, as described in SI Appendix, section 5. The methodology responds to recommendations of others (5,10,14) for optimum criticality assessment. Extensive details are given in previous publications (18,(22)(23)(24) and in SI Appendix.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite one's intuition that it should be straightforward to designate one element as critical and another as not, determining criticality turns out to be very challenging indeed. This is because criticality depends not only on geological abundance, but on a host of other factors such as the potential for substitution, the degree to which ore deposits are geopolitically concentrated, the state of mining technology, the amount of regulatory oversight, geopolitical initiatives, governmental instability, and economic policy (10). As various organizations (e.g., refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Criticality of metals and metalloids

Graedel

Harper

Nassar

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

568

340

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Imbalances between metal supply and demand, real or anticipated, have inspired the concept of metal criticality. We here characterize the criticality of 62 metals and metalloids in a 3D "criticality space" consisting of supply risk, environmental implications, and vulnerability to supply restriction. Contributing factors that lead to extreme values include high geopolitical concentration of primary production, lack of available suitable substitutes, and political instability. The results show that the limitations for many metals important in emerging electronics (e.g., gallium and selenium) are largely those related to supply risk; those of platinum group metals, gold, and mercury, to environmental implications; and steel alloying elements (e.g., chromium and niobium) as well as elements used in high-temperature alloys (e.g., tungsten and molybdenum), to vulnerability to supply restriction. The metals of most concern tend to be those available largely or entirely as byproducts, used in small quantities for highly specialized applications, and possessing no effective substitutes.economic geology | materials science | substitution | supply risk | sustainability

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Criticality of metals and metalloids

Graedel

Harper

Nassar

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

568

340

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The DOE, the National Research Council, and the European Economic and Social Committee have all articulated a need for better measurements of material criticality. However, criticality depends on a multitude of different factors, including socioeconomic factors (Poulton et al, 2013). Various organizations across the world define resource criticality according to their own independent metrics and methodologies, and designations of criticality tend to vary dramatically [National Research Council (US), 2008;National Research Council (US) and Committee on Assessing the Need for a Defense Stockpile, 2008;Erdmann and Graedel, 2011;European Economic and Social Committee, 2011;Poulton et al, 2013;European Commission, 2014;Graedel et al, 2015].…”

Section: Materials Ground Truthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Text Analytics to Extract and Analyze Material–Application Pairs from a Large Scientific Corpus

Kalathil

Byrnes

Randazzese

et al. 2018

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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When assessing the importance of materials (or other components) to a given set of applications, machine analysis of a very large corpus of scientific abstracts can provide an analyst a base of insights to develop further. The use of text analytics reduces the time required to conduct an evaluation, while allowing analysts to experiment with a multitude of different hypotheses. Because the scope and quantity of metadata analyzed can, and should, be large, any divergence from what a human analyst determines and what the text analysis shows provides a prompt for the human analyst to reassess any preliminary findings. In this work, we have successfully extracted material-application pairs and ranked them on their importance. This method provides a novel way to map scientific advances in a particular material to the application for which it is used. Approximately 438,000 titles and abstracts of scientific papers published from 1992 to 2011 were used to examine 16 materials. This analysis used coclustering text analysis to associate individual materials with specific clean energy applications, evaluate the importance of materials to specific applications, and assess their importance to clean energy overall. Our analysis reproduced the judgments of experts in assigning material importance to applications. The validated methods were then used to map the replacement of one material with another material in a specific application (batteries).

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“…Criticality is defined as ''essential to economic development but having limited supplies and being subject to supply-demand imbalances''. 40 Thus, in theory, an element may be ideal for glass formation or a BMGs' property or application, but if that application becomes robustly deployed, limitations may be imposed by factors such as geological availability or toxicological attributes that could constrain use in BMG applications.…”

Section: Criticalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 This is because criticality depends not only on geological abundance but also on a host of other factors such as the potential for substitution, the degree to which ore deposits are geopolitically concentrated, the state of mining technology, the amount of regulatory oversight, geopolitical initiatives, and degree of governmental instability. 40 As various organizations (e.g., Refs. 41-43) have attempted to determine resource criticality in recent years, various metrics and methodological approaches have been chosen.…”

Section: Criticalitymentioning

confidence: 99%