Static and Dynamic Elastic Moduli of Bakken Formation

He, Jun; Ling, Kegang; Wu, Xingru; Pei, Peng; Pu, Hui

doi:10.2523/19416-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One of utilities of the understanding the dynamic mechanical properties of rock is its application to seismic response analysis. Dynamic shear strength and static strength are slightly different for hard rock, such as gneiss, but not necessarily the same for soft rock, such as sandstone, because it is affected by external and internal conditions, such as roughness, hardness, degree of weathering, and grain sizes [17,24]. The compressional velocity through dry, water-saturated and mud-saturated sandstone samples, under increased confining pressure, is presented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, King's experimental studies on the anisotropy and nonlinearity of the mechanical behavior of rocks [14] supported such a differentiation between dynamic and static moduli due to randomly oriented cracks within the specimen. Therefore, the unconformities between the results of the measurement of dynamic and static elastic properties are mainly related to the variation of the lithology and microcrack distribution of microcracks in rock materials [15][16][17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drilling Mud Influence on Sandstone Poroelastic Parameters

Knez

Rajaoalison

Nkunzi

2022

jge

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The most critical challenge faced during drilling operations is related to the stability of the well. Additionally, drilling mud plays a crucial role in wellbore stability, as one of its main uses is to support the wellbore wall during the drilling operation. However, ignorance of the effects of drilling mud on the mechanical properties of rock formation can also lead to well failure. The stability of the wellbore is also influenced by the pore pressure during the drilling process. The analysis of changes in rock poroelastic parameters after drilling mud saturation was found to be a useful research regarding the above mentioned. Therefore, the measurement of the dynamic Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Biot’s coefficient of sandstone samples was carried out to determine their trends of variations with confining pressure in different conditions such as dry, water and drilling mud filtrate saturation. The findings indicate that both the dynamic Young modulus and the Poisson’s ratio of the sandstone rock increased after saturation with water and drilling mud filtrate, while the Biot’s coefficient was reduced. Furthermore, the velocity of the P wave, the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the sandstone rock were proportional to the confining pressure, while the Biot’s coefficient were inversely proportional to the confining pressure. The results imply that the effective stress calculation can be influenced by changes in poroelastic parameters established from geophysical measurements, and risk management of wellbore stability stability was increased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling Mud Influence on Sandstone Poroelastic Parameters

Knez

Rajaoalison

Nkunzi

2022

jge

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“…Effective stress, porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, mineralogical compositions, pore type, and rock strength of sandstone and carbonate samples have been extensively investigated by several researchers (Anselmetti and Eberli 1993;Chang et al 2006;Freund 1992;Khaksar et al 1999;Khazanehdari and Sothcott 2003;Miller 1992;Rafavich et al 1984;Shakouri et al 2019;Soete et al 2015). Several studies have investigated the effects of many parameters, such as gas transport and adsorption effect, pyrolysisinduced thermal maturation, water content, the relationship between static and dynamic properties, temperature, anisotropy, and bedding orientation effects using shale samples (Aljamaan et al 2017;Aljamaan et al 2013;Allan et al 2016;Alnoaimi* et al 2014;Guo et al 2013;He et al 2019;Holt et al 2015;Holt et al 2012;Kim et al 2020;Kuila et al 2011;Lai et al 2016;Masri et al 2014;Sone and Zoback 2013a;Sone and Zoback 2013b;Zhai et al 2021). However, few studies have conducted to examine the rock physical and/or dynamic elastic properties of shale formations (Badrouchi et al 2019;Cho et al 2016;He and Ling 2016;Heller et al 2014;Khalil et al 2019;Ramezanian and Emadi 2020;Sun et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study to investigate the physical and dynamic elastic properties of Eagle Ford shale rock samples

Altawati

Emadi

Khalil

2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Unconventional resources, such as Eagle Ford formation, are commonly classified for their ultra-low permeability, where pore sizes are in nano-scale and pore-conductivity is low, causing several challenges in evaluating unconventional-rock properties. Several experimental parameters (e.g., diffusion time of gas, gas injection pressure, method of permeability measurement, and confining pressure cycling) must be considered when evaluating the ultra-low permeability rock's physical and dynamic elastic properties measurements, where erroneous evaluations could be avoided. Characterizing ultra-low permeability samples' physical and elastic properties helps researchers obtain more reliable information leading to successful evaluations. In this study, 24 Eagle Ford core samples' physical and dynamic elastic properties were evaluated. Utilizing longer diffusion time and higher helium injection pressure, applying complex transient method, and cycling confining pressure were considered for porosity, permeability, and velocities measurements. Computerized tomography (CT) scan, porosity, permeability, and ultrasonic wave velocities were conducted on the core samples. Additionally, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to determine the mineralogical compositions. Porosity was measured at 2.07 MPa injection pressure for 24 h, and the permeability was measured using a complex transient method. P- and S-wave velocities were measured at two cycles of five confining pressures (up to 68.95 MPa). The XRD analysis results showed that the tested core samples had an average of 81.44% and 11.68% calcite and quartz, respectively, with a minor amount of clay minerals. The high content of calcite and quartz in shale yields higher velocities, higher Young's modulus, and lower Poisson's ratio, which enhances the brittleness that is an important parameter for well stimulation design (e.g., hydraulic fracturing). The results of porosity and permeability showed that porosity and permeability vary between 5.3–9.79% and 0.006–12 µD, respectively. The Permeability–porosity relation of samples shows a very weak correlation. P- and S-wave velocities results display a range of velocity up to 6206 m/s and 3285 m/s at 68.95 MPa confining pressure, respectively. Additionally, S-wave velocity is approximately 55% of P-wave velocity. A correlation between both velocities is established at each confining pressure, indicating a strong correlation. Results illustrated that applying two cycles of confining pressure impacts both velocities and dynamic elastic moduli. Ramping up the confining pressure increases both velocities owing to compaction of the samples and, in turn, increases dynamic Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio while decreasing bulk compressibility. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the above-mentioned parameters' values (after decreasing the confining pressure to 13.79 MPa) differ from the initial values due to the hysteresis loop, where the loop is slightly opened, indicating that the alteration is non-elastic. The findings of this study provide detailed information about the rock physical and dynamic elastic properties of one of the largest unconventional resources in the U.S.A, the Eagle Ford formation, where direct measurements may not be cost-effective or feasible.

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The flowback behavior of salt in hydraulically fractured shale under multi-phase flow conditions: Modelling, simulation and application

Chen

Wang

2021

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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Static and Dynamic Elastic Moduli of Bakken Formation

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Drilling Mud Influence on Sandstone Poroelastic Parameters

Drilling Mud Influence on Sandstone Poroelastic Parameters

An experimental study to investigate the physical and dynamic elastic properties of Eagle Ford shale rock samples

The flowback behavior of salt in hydraulically fractured shale under multi-phase flow conditions: Modelling, simulation and application

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