Statin use and cancer risk in the General Practice Research Database

Kaye, James A.; Jick, Hershel

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601566

Cited by 232 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A large case-control study from the General Practice Research Database, an automated database containing drug prescription and medical information on more than three million people in the United Kingdom, found no association between current statin use and breast cancer risk [10]. Interestingly, another large case-control study with cases from a population-based tumor registry reported no overall association of statins with breast cancer incidence but did find that women who had used statins for more than five years had an approximately 30% lower breast cancer incidence than never users [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, laboratory studies have shown that lipophilic statins such as simvastatin and fluvastatin inhibit mammary tumor growth by approximately 50% at doses equivalent to those used in humans for reducing cholesterol [2]. Thus far, observational studies of the association between statins and risk of developing breast cancer have yielded mixed results, with the majority finding no association [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. To our knowledge, no studies have examined statin use and breast cancer prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort study of early stage breast cancer survivors

Kwan

Habel

Flick

et al. 2007

Breast Cancer Res Treat

158

139

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PURPOSE-We examined the association between post-diagnosis statin use (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] inhibitors) and risk of breast cancer recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS-The study included 1945 early-stage breast cancer survivors participating in the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) Study. Women who were diagnosed from 1997 to 2000 and identified from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Cancer Registry entered the cohort on average two years post-diagnosis. Information on statin use was obtained from the KPNC pharmacy database. A total of 210 breast cancer recurrences were reported and verified by medical record review. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS-The mean duration of statin use in the cohort among those who initiated use postdiagnosis was 1.96 years, and lipophilic statins were mainly used (97.8%). Starting statins after diagnosis was suggestive of a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.39-1.13). Risk of recurrence decreased with increasing duration of statin use after diagnosis (p linear trend = 0.02).CONCLUSION-Our findings provide initial support for an inverse association between postdiagnosis, lipophilic statin use and risk of breast cancer recurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort study of early stage breast cancer survivors

Kwan

Habel

Flick

et al. 2007

Breast Cancer Res Treat

158

139

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“…Only one epidemiologic study found a moderate increase in risk [18]. However, recent studies consistently report that statins reduce advanced and metastatic/fatal prostate cancer [9][10][11]19,20], and aggressive disease [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based setting

Boudreau

Buist

et al. 2008

Cancer Causes Control

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“…A more recent analysis of the same database revealed no protective effect from statin use [110] . An analysis of General Practice United Kingdom Research Database in 2002 that included only 9 esophageal carcinoma cases revealed no protective effected related to statin use [111] . Bhutta et al [112] case control study found that statin use was negatively associated with the development of esophageal carcinoma.…”

Section: Statins and Eac Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three population studies [110][111][112] were included in the meta-analysis of risk of esophageal carcinoma among general population cohorts with statin use. The pooled effect size was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78-0.94, P = 0.001) with minimal heterogeneity [114] .…”

Section: Statins and Eac Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of chemoprophylaxis with either NSAIDs or statins in patients with Barrett’s esophagus

Tsibouris

Vlachou

Isaacs

2014

WJGPT

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The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a poor prognosis neoplasia, has risen dramatically in recent decades. Barrett's esophagus represents the best-known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma development. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and prostaglandin metabolism regulation could control cell proliferation, increase cell apoptosis and regulate the expression of growth and angiogenic factors. Statins can achieve equivalent effects through prenylation and subsequently control of cellular signaling cascades. At present, epidemiological studies are small and underpowered. Their data could not justify either medication as a chemo-preventive agent. Population based studies have shown a 43% reduction of the odds of developing an esophageal adenocarcinoma, leaving out or stating a 25% reduction in patients consuming non-aspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a 50% reduction in those patients consuming aspirin. They have also stated a 19% reduction of esophageal cancer incidence when statins have been used. Observational studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could reduce the adenocarcinoma incidence in patients with Barrett's esophagus by 41%, while statins could reduce the risk by 43%. The cancer preventive effect has been enhanced in those patients taking a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins (a 74% decrease). Observational data are equivocal concerning the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug subclasses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly have substantial potential for toxicity, while statins are rather safe drugs. In conclusion, both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins are promising chemopreventive agents and deserve further exploration with interventional studies. In the meanwhile, their use is justified only in patients with cardiovascular disease.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Barrett's esophagus; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Aspirin; Statins; Cancer chemoprevention Core tip: Esophageal adenocarcinoma remains a major burden upon health. Experimental studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins may have useful actions against esophageal cancer cells. This review of observational studies shows that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduced adenocarcinoma incidence in patients with Barrett' s esophagus by 41%, while statins reduced the risk by 43%. The cancer preventive effect is enhanced in those patients taking a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins (a 74% decrease). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly have substantial potential for toxicity, while statins are rather safe drugs. Their combination offers promise for chemoprevention and further interventional studies are warranted.Tsibouris P, Vlachou E, Isaacs PET. Role of chemoprophylaxis REVIEWOnline Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/

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Statin use and cancer risk in the General Practice Research Database

Cited by 232 publications

References 21 publications

Post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort study of early stage breast cancer survivors

Post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort study of early stage breast cancer survivors

Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based setting

Role of chemoprophylaxis with either NSAIDs or statins in patients with Barrett’s esophagus

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