Status of Selenium and Antioxidant Enzymes of Goitrous Children Is Lower Than Healthy Controls and Nongoitrous Children with High Iodine Deficiency

Abstract

In order to investigate the relations of iodine deficiency and/or goiter with selenium (Se) and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) status, we determined the relevant parameters of goitrous high school children living in an endemic goiter area of Turkey. Subjects were selected by a simple random sampling technique after screening the whole population of the high schools of two towns by neck palpation. The results of the goitrous group (n = 48, aged 15-18 yr) were compared with those of nongoitrous control children (n = 49) from the same populations, and with an outside control group (n = 24) from a lower-goiter-prevalence area. The overall prevalence of goiter was 39.6% in the high school population of the area. Activities of erythrocyte AOE (glutathion peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte Se and urinary iodine were found to be significantly lower in goitrous children than both in-region and out-region of the control groups. When the whole study group was reclassified according to the severity of iodine deficiency, it was found that the AOE and Se status of those control children without goiter but with high iodine deficiency was significantly higher than goitrous children, although they did not differ from nondeficient control group. This might be the result of the possibility that goitrous children are exposed of oxidative stress, which may introduce alterations to the antioxidant defense system and/or the antioxidant status is relatively lower in goitrous children than those children who are highly iodine-deficient but did not develop goiter. The results of this study seem to support the view that the risk of goiter development may be higher in highly iodine-deficient children with lower enzymatic antioxidant and Se status.

Lack of Association between Selenium Status and Disease Severity and Activity in Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy

“…This hypothesis is in agreement with other thyroid disease-specific findings in Europeans, e.g. low serum Se being associated with thyroid volume and poor echostructure [29], multiple thyroid nodules [30] or goiter risk in children [31]. The importance of Se as potential risk factor for thyroid diseases has just been verified in a very large epidemiological trial involving almost 7,000 subjects from a Se-deficient and less-deficient county in China [32].…”

Selenium status, thyroid volume, and multiple nodule formation in an area with mild iodine deficiency

“…Results from other studies examining the relation between selenium and thyroid volume differ (8)(9)(10)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). However, the results from our study are in line with results from the largest study carried out so far regarding selenium and thyroid volume (11).…”

Comparison of the serum selenium content of healthy adults living in the Antwerp region (Belgium) with recent literature data

“…Our results fit well into the published profiles of selenium concentrations as a function of age. The data show a very low selenium level during the first months of life, with a gradual increase with age [27,29,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Highest values were obtained in healthy adults, while the elderly revealed significantly lower concentrations [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

“…Selenium concentrations in the literature are not considered if only presented in the form of figures [154]. The interested reader, who would like to obtain more information about factors influencing blood selenium concentrations, is referred to a literature review [5], or to the following references for recent values in: children: [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]48,149,[155][156][157][158][159][160]; adolescents: [161][162][163][164] or elderly people: [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176].…”