Status of the Procurement of the European Superconductors for the ITER Magnets

Boutboul, T.; Readman, P. W.; Viladiu, E.; Losasso, M.; Caballero, J.; Abou-Yehia, J.; Batista, R.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2013.2288034

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An important preliminary work to start the qualification process was the development of testing methodologies aimed at obtaining consistent and reproducible results, as this is essential in a wide international collaboration. Several efforts in the past have dealt with the elaboration of standardized procedures for the measurement of critical current (I c ) in composite NbTi and Nb 3 Sn superconducting strands under various magnetic field and temperature test conditions [4][5][6][7]. A similar standardization effort was performed for high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Breschi

Macioce

Devred

2017

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The production of the superconducting cables for the toroidal field (TF) magnets of the ITER machine has recently been completed at the manufacturing companies selected during the previous qualification phase. The quality assurance/quality control programs that have been implemented to ensure production uniformity across numerous suppliers include performance tests of several conductor samples from selected unit lengths. The short full-size samples (4 m long) were subjected to DC and AC tests in the SULTAN facility at CRPP in Villigen, Switzerland.In a previous work the results of the tests of the conductor performance qualification samples were reported. This work reports the analyses of the results of the tests of the production conductor samples. The results reported here concern the values of current sharing temperature, critical current, effective strain and n-value from the DC tests and the energy dissipated per cycle from the AC loss tests. A detailed comparison is also presented between the performance of the conductors and that of their constituting strands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Breschi

Macioce

Devred

2017

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…The mean sizes for the three 11 B-rich powders are shown in Table 1. The D [3,2] and D [4,3] results (explained in Table 1) indicate that the A powder has the largest particle size, followed by the C powder, and the P powder has the smallest particle size. The particle size analysis results are consistent between the XRD results and the SEM observations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the scope of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, Nb 3 Sn and NbTi superconducting wires and cables are used as essential constituents of the toroidal field and poloidal field (PF) coils to contain the deuterium‐tritium (D‐T) fusion plasma 1‐3 . Nb‐based low temperature superconductors have significant drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the scope of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, Nb 3 Sn and NbTi superconducting wires and cables are used as essential constituents of the toroidal field and poloidal field (PF) coils to contain the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion plasma. [1][2][3] Nb-based low temperature superconductors have significant drawbacks. For long-term and steady-state operation of the D-T plasma fusion reactors, it is desirable that the superconducting magnet elements have low neutron activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

et al. 2020

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In this study, we analyze the properties of boron isotope (11B)‐rich powders from three different sources, that is, American, Cambridge, and Pavezyum, to fabricate the bulk Mg11B2 superconductors and evaluate their superconducting properties. While 11B‐rich powder is an essential precursor to fabricate Mg11B2 superconductors for fusion magnet applications, the properties of the 11B powder turned out to be critical to determine the quality of the final superconducting product. Therefore, appropriate control of processing conditions is needed to comply with the requirements of the nuclear fusion application. Analysis of the B isotope ratio by accelerator mass spectroscopy and neutron transmission revealed that all three types of powder are enriched with 11B to better than 99 at % quality. In addition, Pavezyum's 11B shows the lowest crystallinity and smallest crystalline domain size as evidenced by the high‐resolution X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical states of the boron isotope investigated with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy also reveals that Pavezyum boron has amorphous structure. Mg11B2 bulks and multi‐filamentary (12‐filament) wires have been manufactured, sintered at different temperatures and characterized via the transport critical current density. The wire with Pavezyum 11B shows three times higher current carrying capacity at a particular magnetic field compared to the wire using Cambridge 11B and hence, Pavezyum 11B boron has the potential for manufacturing fusion grade Mg11B2 based magnets. The results of this study demonstrated that Boron powders with higher purity, smaller grain size and lower crystallinity are critical for improving the superconducting and electronic properties of Mg11B2 samples fabricated from the powder. Thus, the low‐neutron‐activation Mg11B2 is possibly an affordable and technically viable candidate to replace NbTi superconductors in the low field poloidal field and correction coils for the next‐generation fusion reactors.

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“…While the current workhorse superconductors for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are lowtemperature NbTi and Nb 3 Sn superconductors, [1][2][3] MgB 2 shows electromagnetic performance superior to that of NbTi: it has lower induced radioactivity, 4,5 higher efficiency of the cryogenic reactor system, [6][7][8] and a much higher transition temperature (T c ). 9,10 Furthermore, the eld performance, in terms of its transport critical current density (J c ) and upper critical eld (B c2 ), is close to that of NbTi superconductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

et al. 2018

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Status of the Procurement of the European Superconductors for the ITER Magnets

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction

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Status of the Procurement of the European Superconductors for the ITER Magnets

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Performance analysis of the toroidal field ITER production conductors

Evaluation of isotopic boron (11B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg11B2 superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg11B2superconductor using neutron diffraction

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Evaluation of isotopic boron (¹¹B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg¹¹B₂ superconductor for next generation fusion magnets

Evaluation of residual stress and texture in isotope based Mg¹¹B₂superconductor using neutron diffraction