Status, power, and intergroup relations: the personal is the societal

Fiske, Susan T.; Dupree, Cydney H.; Nicolas, Gandalf; Swencionis, Jillian K.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.012

Cited by 129 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It is unfortunate, but such bias and stereotyping toward low‐income Whites has been linked to subsequent prejudice as well, particularly in the context of economic insecurity (Payne, ). Indeed, the shifting demographics of the United States may be perceived by Whites as an added threat—this time to the privilege associated with racial majority status (see Fiske, Dupree, Nicolas, & Swencionis, ; Murrar, Gavac, & Brauer, ; Molina, Tropp, & Goode, for reviews). In a particularly eloquent experimental example of this phenomenon, Krosch and Amodio () demonstrated that relatively “poor” White participants (i.e., told they could have received $100 but only received $10) rated images of biracial individuals as having darker skin and looking more stereotypically Black than the relatively “rich” White participants (i.e., told they received the full $10 out of $10 possible).…”

Section: Attitudes Behaviors and Values Of White Poor And Working‐cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent–Adolescent Socialization of Social Class in Low‐Income White Families: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Jones

Loiselle

Highlander

2018

J of Research on Adolesc

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The formative role of social class in the United States has long been a focus of fields such economics, history, and political science. Yet, little psychological theory or data is available to guide our understanding of what messages regarding social class are transmitted within and across generations and how those transmissions are most likely to occur. As a launching point for such work, we focus this initial contextual and largely theoretical review on parent-adolescent socialization of social class in low-income, White families of adolescents in particular. To this end, our goal was to raise potential hypotheses about the implicit and explicit ways that White low-income parents may shape adolescent views of class, as well as the meaning and implications of status socialization for adolescent health and well-being.

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Section: Attitudes Behaviors and Values Of White Poor And Working‐cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent–Adolescent Socialization of Social Class in Low‐Income White Families: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Jones

Loiselle

Highlander

2018

J of Research on Adolesc

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“…Regarding empathy, coded predictions are deeply related to stereotypes (semantic associations) and to biases (visceral categorizations), that can be either negative (when related to outgroups) or positive (when related to ingroup members), respectively, blocking or enhancing one's empathic response toward another (Amodio, 2009). Intergroup interactions are also modulated by the relation of power (resources) and prestige between groups (Fiske et al, 2016) and the perception of competition between groups may also intensify intergroup biases (Esses et al, 2001). …”

Section: Negative Intergroup Evaluation Block Empathic Response Targementioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Empathy Through Virtual Reality: Multiple Strategies for Training Empathy-Related Abilities Using Body Ownership Illusions in Embodied Virtual Reality

et al. 2018

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Several disciplines have investigated the interconnected empathic abilities behind the proverb "to walk a mile in someone else's shoes" to determine how the presence, and absence, of empathy-related phenomena affect prosocial behavior and intergroup relations. Empathy enables us to learn from others' pain and to know when to offer support. Similarly, virtual reality (VR) appears to allow individuals to step into someone else's shoes, through a perceptual illusion called embodiment, or the body ownership illusion. Considering these perspectives, we propose a theoretical analysis of different mechanisms of empathic practices in order to define a possible framework for the design of empathic training in VR. This is not intended to be an extensive review of all types of practices, but an exploration of empathy and empathy-related phenomena. Empathyrelated training practices are analyzed and categorized. We also identify different variables used by pioneer studies in VR to promote empathy-related responses. Finally, we propose strategies for using embodied VR technology to train specific empathy-related abilities.

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“…These are social power-which may be defined as one's capacity to asymmetrically control other people's outcomes (Galinsky, Rucker, & Magee, 2015)-and social class-which may be defined as one's semi-permanent economic, occupational, or cultural position relative to other people (Kraus & Stephens, 2012). Both are conceptually differentiable from one another and from status, while also being naturally intercorrelated with it and reciprocally influential (Fiske, Dupree, Nicolas, & Swencionis, 2016;Kraus, Piff, & Keltner, 2010;Magee & Galinsky, 2008;Ridgeway, 2014). Note that here, the capacity to call upon fans might be considered an addition to one's social power, and resources earned from those fans might be considered a contribution to one's social class.…”

Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking the High Ground: The Impact of Social Status on the Derogation of Ideological Opponents

2018

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People tend to derogate their ideological opponents. But how does social status affect this tendency? We tested a prediction derived from hierometer theory that people with higher status would derogate ideological opponents less (i.e., evaluate them more charitably). We further predicted that greater rhetoric handling prowess (RHP: feeling more confident and less intimidated while arguing) would mediate the effect. Study 1 established a link between higher status and lesser opponent derogation correlationally. Study 2 did so experimentally.Using a scale to assess RHP developed and validated in Study 3, Study 4 established that RHP statistically mediated the correlational link between status and derogation. In Study 5, experimentally manipulating status affected RHP as predicted. However, in Study 6, experimentally manipulating RHP did not affect opponent derogation as predicted. Thus, our findings were substantially, but not entirely, consistent with our theoretically-derived predictions. Implications for hierometer theory, and related theoretical approaches, are of whom had donated at least $200 towards their preferred congressional candidate. These partisans expressed far warmer sentiments towards ideological allies than towards ideological opponents. Specifically, along a 0-to-100 feeling thermometer, the average ratings were 71 versus 24 for Democrats, and 79 versus 14 for Republicans. More generally, research conducted under the rubric of the similarity-produces-liking hypothesis confirms that attitudinal agreement fosters interpersonal amity. There remains some dispute over whether an overlap in attitudes prompts more favorable evaluations, conducive to interpersonal attraction (Byrne, Clore, & Smeaton, 1986), or whether discrepancies between attitudes prompt less favorable evaluations, conducive to interpersonal repulsion (Rosenbaum, 1986).Recently, Garcia, Bergsieker, and Shelton (2015) provided an illustration of how attitudinal discrepancies affected interpersonal liking both among long-established friends and recently acquainted strangers, and in ways that reflects intergroup dynamics. In a racially mixed US sample, they found that Black participants-for whom racial issues loom larger, and whose social standing is more precarious-were especially prone to dislike other Black participants if their attitudes on race diverged.Considerations concerning the structure of society lead us to the specific question we address in this article: How does social status affect opponent derogation? Does having SOCIAL STATUS AND IDEOLOGICAL OPPONENTS 4 higher status lead one to derogate those with whom one disagrees more or less? At first blush, higher status might seem to prompt greater derogation. Society, after all, is hierarchically stratified: People occupy a particular social rank, either enviably higher or regrettably lower (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, this stratification has often been interpreted as reflective of systemic dominance and oppression (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). If so, then people of higher sta...

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Status, power, and intergroup relations: the personal is the societal

Cited by 129 publications

References 55 publications

Parent–Adolescent Socialization of Social Class in Low‐Income White Families: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Parent–Adolescent Socialization of Social Class in Low‐Income White Families: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Learning Empathy Through Virtual Reality: Multiple Strategies for Training Empathy-Related Abilities Using Body Ownership Illusions in Embodied Virtual Reality

Taking the High Ground: The Impact of Social Status on the Derogation of Ideological Opponents

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