Steady and dynamic shear properties of non-aqueous drag-reducing polymer solutions

Tiu, Carlos; Moussa, T.; Carreau, Pierre J.

doi:10.1007/bf00712318

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results suggest that the increase in the storage modulus G of β-conglycinin gel in the cooling process is mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and was a thermally reversible reaction. Nagano et al [28] had also observed thermally reversible reaction while reheating the heat-set gel after cooling. However, the thermally reversible reaction was only contributed by the cooling process (after temperature holding at 80 • C for 30 min).…”

Section: Effect Of Thermal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This model contains three parameters: (1) zero shear viscosity, η o ; (2) λ is a characteristic time, which is the reciprocal of the critical shear rate calculated from the intersection of the power-law region and the constant viscosity region in the flow curve; (3) n is power-law behavior index. [28] It is evident from the fitting parameters for the model (Table 1) that Carreau model could be well applied to describe the shear rate dependence of steady shear viscosity (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9601-0.9975).…”

Section: Effect Of Ionic Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Properties of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Aqueous Dispersions: Effects of Concentration, Ionic Strength and Thermal Treatment

Liu

Yang

Ahmad

et al. 2011

International Journal of Food Properties

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Steady shear and dynamic oscillatory measurements were used to investigate the effect of concentration, ionic strength and thermal treatment on rheological properties of soybean β-conglycinin in aqueous dispersions. SDS-PAGE and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that β-conglycinin exhibited partial denaturation and formation of aggregates during isolation. Under steady shear flow, strong shear-thinning behavior was observed with increasing shear rate from 0.001 to 1200 s −1. A dispersion of β-conglycinin (≥5% w/v, without applying thermal treatment) exhibited gel-like dynamic mechanical spectra at 20 • C. This suggested that β-conglycinin in aqueous dispersions showed rheological properties of typical weak gel-like (entanglement) or semi diluted polymeric solution. Weak gel network of β-conglycinin was susceptible to ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic forces play an important role in the formation of weak gel network. These properties of β-conglycinin have practical significance for the food processors in the formulation of new products.

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Section: Effect Of Thermal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effect Of Ionic Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Properties of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Aqueous Dispersions: Effects of Concentration, Ionic Strength and Thermal Treatment

Liu

Yang

Ahmad

et al. 2011

International Journal of Food Properties

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“…Drag reduction of very dilute solutions has been studied extensively (Virk 1975;McComb and Rabie 1982;Interthal and Wilski 1985;Bird et al 1987;Kulicke et al 1989;Tiu et al 1995Tiu et al , 1996Choi et al 2000;Jovanovic et al 2006), and it can be as high as 80%. These "dilute solutions" are characterized by very small polymer concentrations (several ppm) and a very small viscosification of the water (several %).…”

Section: Drag Reduction Coil/stretch Transition and Polymer Degradamentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation (or Lack Thereof) and Drag Reduction of HPAM Solutions During Transport in Turbulent Flow in Pipelines

Jouenne¹,

Anfray²,

Cordelier³

et al. 2015

Oil and Gas Facilities

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Rules of thumb that are used in the industry for polymer-flooding projects tend to limit the distance over which hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymers can be transported in pipelines without undergoing significant degradation. However, in sensitive environments, such as offshore facilities where footprint minimization is required, centralization of the polymer-hydration process and long-distance transport may be desirable. More-reliable rules are required to design the pipe network and to estimate mechanical degradation of polymers during transport in turbulent conditions.In this work, we present evidence in the form of empirical largescale pipeline experiments and theoretical development refuting the claim that polymer pipeline transport is limited by mechanical degradation. Our work concludes that mechanical degradation occurs at a critical velocity, which increases as a function of pipe diameter. Provided the critical velocity is not reached in a given pipe, there is no limit to the distance over which polymer solution can be transported.In addition, the drag reduction of viscous polymer solutions was measured as a function of pipe length, pipe diameter, fluid velocity, and polymer concentration. An envelope was defined to fix the minimum and maximum drag reductions expected for a given velocity in larger pipes. For pipes with diameters varying between 14 and 22 in. at a velocity greater than 1 m/s, the drag-reduction percentage is anticipated to be between 55 and 80%. A morerefined model was developed to predict drag reduction with less uncertainty.In conclusion, classical design rules applied for water transport (fluid velocity < 3 m/s) can be applied to the design of a polymer network. Therefore, for tertiary polymer projects, the existing water-injection network should be compatible with the mechanical requirements of polymer transportation. For secondary polymer projects, changing the rules of design by taking into account the high level of drag reduction should bring some economy to the pipe design and installation.

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“…The experimental work done by Toms led to drag reduction subsequently being referred to as "Toms' effect". Numerous studies have focused on various parameters affecting drag reduction (Virk, 1975, McComb and Rabie, 1982, Bird et al 1987, Tiu et al, 1995, Interthal and Wilski, 1989, Kulicke et al, 1989, Choi et al, 2000, Jovanovic, 2006. Few of them are dealing with viscous solutions.…”

Section: Drag Reduction Coil-stretch Transition and Polymer Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation (or Lack Thereof) and Drag Reduction of HPAM During Transport in Pipelines

Jouenne¹,

Anfray²,

Cordelier³

et al. 2014

All Days

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rules of thumb that are used in the industry for polymer flooding projects, tend to limit the distance over which HPAM polymers can be transported in pipelines without undergoing significant degradation. However, in sensitive environments such as offshore facilities where footprint minimization is required, centralization of the polymer hydration process and longdistance transport may be desirable. More reliable rules are required to design the pipe network and to estimate mechanical degradation of polymers during transport in turbulent conditions.In this work, we present evidence in the form of both empirical, large-scale pipeline experiments as well as theoretical development refuting the claim that polymer pipeline transport is limited by mechanical degradation. Our work concludes that mechanical degradation occurs at a critical velocity which increases as a function of pipe diameter. Provided the critical velocity is not reached in a given pipe, there is no limit to the distance over which polymer solution can be transported.In addition, the drag reduction of viscous polymer solutions was measured as a function of pipe length, pipe diameter, fluid velocity and polymer concentration. An envelope was defined to fix the minimum and maximum drag reductions expected for a given velocity on larger pipes. For pipes with diameter varying between 14" and 22'' at a velocity higher than 1 m/s, the drag reduction percentage is anticipated to be between 45 and 80%. A more refined model was developed to predict drag reduction with less uncertainty.In conclusion, classical design rules applied for water transport (fluid velocity <3m/s) can be applied to the design of a polymer network. Therefor, for tertiary polymer projects, the existing water injection network should be compatible with the mechanical requirements of polymer transportation.

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Steady and dynamic shear properties of non-aqueous drag-reducing polymer solutions

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Rheological Properties of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Aqueous Dispersions: Effects of Concentration, Ionic Strength and Thermal Treatment

Rheological Properties of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Aqueous Dispersions: Effects of Concentration, Ionic Strength and Thermal Treatment

Degradation (or Lack Thereof) and Drag Reduction of HPAM Solutions During Transport in Turbulent Flow in Pipelines

Degradation (or Lack Thereof) and Drag Reduction of HPAM During Transport in Pipelines

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