Stem-loop structure in the 5′ region of potato virus X genome required for plus-strand RNA accumulation

Identification of Tobacco Proteins Associated with the Stem-Loop 1 RNAs of Potato virus X

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the sequences of upper region and C:C mismatch in SL structures of PVX and Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) play important roles in accumulation of genomic RNA (Chen et al, 2010;Miller et al, 1998). It has been shown that SL1(+) RNA binds to PVX CP and several tobacco proteins including the N. tabacum WRKY1 transcription factor (NtWRKY1) (Kim et al, 2002;Part and Kim, 2011).…”

“…Genome of PVX is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA and encodes a total of five viral proteins such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for viral RNA synthesis, triple gene block proteins for virus cell-to-cell movements, and capsid protein (CP) for viral assembly and cell-tocell movement (Fig. 1A) (Miller et al, 1998). In addition, PVX specifically possesses cis-acting elements and structures at the 5′ end of its genome, which is defined as stem-loop 1 (SL1) RNAs (Fig.…”

Cell-to-cell movement of three genera (+) ss RNA plant viruses

“…They are the core of the movement process and so far no direct connection with replication process has been found. Two structures RNA stem-loop 5 0 SL1 and 5 0 SL2 are necessary for PVX replication (Miller et al 1998(Miller et al , 1999. 5 0 SL1 is a multifunctional element, involved in virus replication, cellto-cell transport and virions assembling.…”

Virus-induced Silencing of the WRKY1 Transcription Factor that Interacts with the SL1 Structure of Potato virus X Leads to Higher Viral RNA Accumulation and Severe Necrotic Symptoms

“…On the other hand, plant defense against viruses includes the hypersensitive response (HR) and/or RNA silencing. The 5'-and 3'-nontranslated-region (NTR) sequences at the end of the viral genome contain RNA elements that are important for RNA accumulation, replication, translation, and regulation (Kim and Hemenway, 1996;Miller et al, 1998;Miller et al, 1999;Pillai-Nair et al, 2003;Sriskanda et al, 1996). The highly ordered stem-loop (SL) structures of the NTR regions, in particular, are implicated in RNA accumulation and replication through interactions with host proteins (Kwon and Kim, 2006).…”

“…1A). The 5' region of the genomic RNA contains an AC-rich single-stranded region and two RNA SL structures, named 5' SL1 and 5' SL2 (Kim and Hemenway, 1996;Miller et al, 1998;Fig. 1B).…”