Stigma dan diskriminasi serta strategi koping pada orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) di kota Medan, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), battling stigma, discrimination and coping strategies in Medan, IndonesiaBackground: People living with HIV/AIDS have a multiple problem, PLWHA has a decreased physical abilities effect immunodeficiency, but also having a psychological and social problems also increase their burden. The health provider should be a place for PLWHA to get the right information about HIV/AIDS, but they follow to stigmatize and discriminate against them.Purpose: To describe coping PLWHA face up to stigma and discrimination in health provider.Methods: A qualitative with a descriptive phenomenological approach with population of this research was people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Medan, Indonesia. The number of samples was of 10 respondent by purposive sampling technique. The criteria of the sample were PLWHA get treatment for ≥ 6 months and able to communication in Indonesia is well. Data collected with in-depth interviews and analysis by Nvivo version 12.0 trial.Result: Finding that four themes, the first; get stigmatize and discriminate from health workers, second; have a psychological impact, third; continue treatment to the health provider and fourth; Hoping in health services well.Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Medan Indonesia still having a positive coping to face stigma and discrimination in health provider and they keep continue to get treatment in health provider.. Keyword: People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); Battling; Stigma; Discrimination; Coping StrategiesPendahuluan: Pelayanan kesehatan yang seharusnya menjadi tempat orang dengan HIV/AIDS mendapatkan pengobatan dan informasi yang benar mengenai penyakitnya, justru ikut menstigma dan mendiskriminasikan mereka.Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan stigma, koping dan harapan ODHA di pelayanan kesehatan.Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif dengan populasinya orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Kota Medan. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 10 orang yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan software N.Vivo versi 12 trial.Hasil: Di dapatkan empat tema yaitu 1) Pernah mendapatkan stigma dan diskriminasi dari petugas kesehatan, 2) Pernah mengalalami dampak secara psikologis, 3) Tetap melanjutkan pengobatan ke pelayanan kesehatan, 4) Harapan pada layanan kesehatan.Simpulan: Orang dengan HIV/AIDS ODHA di kota Medan masih memiliki koping yang positif dalam menghadapi stigma dan diskriminasi sehingga ODHA tetap melanjutkan pengobatan di pelayanan kesehatan.

Stressor And Coping Strategies Of People Living With Hiv/aids (PlWHA): A Literature Review

“…(16) Factors related to coping strategies in facing various stresses internally and externally, PLWHA is expected to maintain positive coping in facing these challenges. Nurses, healthcare providers and citizens are expected not to stigmatize and discriminate for PLWHA, considering that this has an impact on HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs (1,26).…”

“…Increasing problemfocused coping as well as the presence of social support may be useful for improving the quality of life among PLWHA who report high stigma (16) In the study of stigma and discrimination as well as coping strategies carried out in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, 4 coping themes were obtained, namely 1) Have experienced stigma and discrimination from health workers, 2) Have experienced psychological impacts, 3) Continue to continue treatment to health services, 4) Expectations on health services. Furthermore, it was concluded that PLWHA in the city of Medan still have positive coping in facing stigma and discrimination so they can continue to receive treatment in health services (1).…”

“…Misinformation and perception related to HIV/AIDS cause the public to view the sufferer as a negative person. This negative assessment can lead to an assessment of stigma and discrimination, which is often a predisposing factor for the causes of stressors reporting PLWHA (1).…”

“…Psychosocial problems in some people with HIV/AIDS can trigger stressors. This results in the inability of HIV-AIDS sufferers to reach health services and support that are already available so that it has an impact on the physiology and emotion of HIV sufferers (1,10).…”

Strategi Coping pada Penyintas Covid-19 Yang Mengalami Stigma: Sebuah Studi Fenomenologi

“…Pettit (2008) menjelaskan bahwa isu yang perlu dihadapi pasien tidak hanya isu kesehatan, namun juga isu stigma sosial yang seringkali diasosiasikan pada pasien. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak stigma terhadap individu dengan isu kesehatan tertentu, seperti HIV-AIDS (Hasibuan, Aryani & Simajuntak, 2019) dan gangguan mental (Michaels, Lopez, Rusch, & Corrigan, 2012). Pettit (2008) mencoba menelusuri sejarah keterkaitan antara stigma dan penyakit hingga akhirnya menemukan bahwa permasalahan tersebut telah ada sejak tahun 1900-an sejak adanya penyebaran penyakit tertentu dari individu ke masyarakat.…”