Stimuli involved in the Attraction of Aëdes aegypti, L., to Man

Abstract

The reactions of Aëdes aegypti females to certain stimuli normally associated with the human surface body have been investigated. The apparatus used was such that the insects were unable to touch the source of stimulation. Attraction to the latter was indicated by the congregation of females in its vicinity.The following stimuli proved attractive: the intact palm of the hand; collected sweat at room temperature; moisture at room temperature; moisture at body-surface temperature. A warm surface at body-surface temperature produced no apparent effect, either of attraction or of repulsion.The four types of stimulus found to be attractive also had marked activating effects. The magnitude of these effects was much greater for the hand and warm moisture, than for cold sweat and cold moisture.Due allowance for the complication introduced by these differences in activation having been made, cold sweat appeared to be slightly, but significantly, more attractive than cold moisture. A reaction to olfactory stimuli is presumed to have been responsible for this. Such stimuli, however, are not considered to have been of much importance in comparison with warmth and moisture; moisture at body-surface temperature had very nearly, and possibly the same, attractive effect as the intact hand.The results are compared with those of other recent investigations, and the need for caution in applying them where conditions differ from those under which they were obtained is emphasised.

The Attraction of Mosquitoes to Hosts

“…It was reported to exert no attraction by early investigators such as Howlett, 15 Crumb,33 Rudolfs,20 and Reuter,16 but was later reported to be attractive by DeLong et al17 and Parker. 13 We found that sebaceous armpit sweat was slightly attractive to Ae aegypti,34 while sudoriferous fore¬ head sweat was without effect. Compared to the emanations from the human body at rest, sweat is of minor importance for this mosquito, as the ex¬ periments of Rahm35 have established.…”

Studies on the Responses of the female Aëdes Mosquito. Part VII.—The Effect of Skin Temperature, Hue and Moisture on the Attractiveness of the Human Hand

“…A moist air-stream attracted 3 to 5 times as many approaches as a dry air-stream (Brown, Sarkaria & Thompson, 1951); the surface of a warmed conical flask attracted A. aegypti only when moistened (Parker, 1948); surface moisture increased the attractiveness of a clothed robot 2 to 4 times provided the air temperature exceeded 60°F. (Brown, 1951).…”

The Effect of C02, Sweat, Chemical Vapours and Air on <i>Simulium ornatum</i>: Implications for Control

“…No significant attraction was shown at 0.3 mg/cc, but 3 mg/cc and 30 mg/cc were significantly more attractive than water with 3 mg/cc consistently attracting about 25% more than water alone. Parker (1948) also found armpit sweat to be more attractive than water alone to A. aegptii. They also tested sudor obtained from the forehead but this showed no significant attraction at any of the three concentrations.…”