Stochastic Scheduling of Renewable and CHP-Based Microgrids

Abstract

Microgrids (MGs) are considered as a key solution for integrating renewable and distributed energy resources, combined heat and power systems (CHP), as well as distributed energy-storage systems. This paper presents a stochastic programming framework for conducting optimal 24-hour scheduling of CHP-based MGs consisting of wind turbine, fuel cell, boiler, a typical power only unit and energy storage devices. The objective of scheduling is to find the optimal set points of energy resources for profit maximization considering demand response programs and uncertainties. The impact of the wind speed, market and MG load uncertainties on the MG scheduling problem is characterized through a stochastic programming formulation. The paper studies three cases in order to confirm the performance of the proposed model. The effect of CHP-based MG scheduling in the islanded and grid-connected modes as well as the effectiveness of applying the proposed DR program are investigated in the case studies.Index Terms-Combined heat and power (CHP) system, demand response programs, CHP-based microgrid scheduling, stochastic programming

Scenario-based stochastic optimal operation of wind/PV/FC/CHP/boiler/tidal/energy storage system considering DR programs and uncertainties

“…The basis of this method is to merge the scenarios with close probability into one. This process could continue until reaching the favorable numbers [16,21]. In this research, the number of scenarios abates down to 10 for each state.…”

“…The second solution for uncertainty reduction in renewable units including renewable resources is to coordinate other energy resources which are quite expensive, but available and more reliable, such as pump-storage unit, hydro unit, gas turbines, combined cycle power plants, and energy storage batteries [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, the share of these energy sources should diminish for many reasons [10].…”

“…The modified algorithm of self-adaptive charge search algorithm is applied for optimization. In [21], the objective function is considered to maximize the profit of wind farm, fuel cell, boiler, CHP units, electrical power generation unit, and energy storage devices (ESDs) connecting to a MG regarding uncertainties. The uncertainties are predicted by time series methods.…”

Energy hub modeling to minimize residential energy costs considering solar energy and BESS

“…Thus, the requirement in this part is to solve the optimization problem to find solution sets X ¼ E g ðtÞ; È E e ðtÞ; m ACh ðtÞ; m MT ðtÞ; E dis BESS ðtÞ; E ch BESS ðtÞg satisfying the objective function (2) within constraints (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

“…Heat energy and electrical energy are two types of primary energy that account for a significant proportion of the total current demand. The combination of heat and power is a big step towards the higher performance of the system by considering different energy types simultaneously rather than focusing on one type of energy (i.e., electrical energy) as discussed in the previous research [2][3][4][5].…”