Storm Surge Forecasting for the Arabian Sea

Siddiqui, Zubair Ahmed

doi:10.1080/01490410902869524

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A model hindcasted maximum surge levels of approximately 5 m for the Kandla Cyclone in June 1998; however, the maximum observed surge level found in the literature was approximately 2.5 m at Kandla [ Chittibabu et al ., ; Dube et al ., ]. Finally, a surge model predicted a 4 m surge along Pakistan's Badin/Keti Bandar coast, near the Indian border, from a TC that struck in May 1999 [ Siddiqui , ]. Unfortunately, no observations were provided for validation.…”

Section: Northern Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts

Needham

Keim

Sathiaraj

2015

Reviews of Geophysics

251

115

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Tropical cyclone-generated storm surges are among the world's most deadly and destructive natural hazards. This paper provides the first comprehensive global review of tropical storm surge data sources, observations, and impacts while archiving data in SURGEDAT, a global database. Available literature has provided data for more than 700 surge events since 1880, the majority of which are found in the western North Atlantic (WNA), followed by Australia/Oceania, the western North Pacific (WNP), and the northern Indian Ocean (NIO). The Bay of Bengal (BOB) in the NIO consistently observes the world's highest surges, as this subbasin averages five surges ≥5 m per decade and has observed credible storm tide levels reaching 13.7 m. The WNP observes the highest rate of low-magnitude surges, as the coast of China averages 54 surges ≥1 m per decade, and rates are likely higher in the Philippines. The U.S. Gulf Coast observes the second highest frequency of both high-magnitude (≥5 m) and low-magnitude (≥1 m) surges. The BOB observes the most catastrophic surge impacts, as 59% of global tropical cyclones that have killed at least 5000 people occurred in this basin. The six deadliest cyclones in this region have each killed at least 140,000 people, and two events have killed 300,000. Storm surge impacts transportation, agriculture, and energy sectors in the WNA. Oceania experiences long-term impacts, including contamination of fresh water and loss of food supplies, although the highest surges in this region are lower than most other basins.

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Section: Northern Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts

Needham

Keim

Sathiaraj

2015

Reviews of Geophysics

251

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cyclones generated in the Arabian Sea normally move in the westnorth-westerly direction. And while the depths of the ocean basins near Pakistan avoid huge storm surges and the frequency of storms along the coast of Pakistan is fairly low, the storms cause significant damage when they occur (Government of Pakistan, 2007;Siddiqui, 2009). One of the highest storm surges of 3.4 m was recorded on 12 May 1999 when a storm hit Thatta and Badin after making landfall at southeast Sindh.…”

Section: Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to Environmental Risks and Effects on Community Resilience in Mid-West Nepal and South-East Pakistan

Schilling¹,

Vivekananda²,

Khan³

et al. 2013

ENRR

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Nepal and Pakistan face a triple challenge of political instability, weak governance and vulnerability to climate change. Communities are highly vulnerable to floods, landslides and droughts. However, the reasons for their vulnerability are complex and differ from location to location. This study has two objectives. First, we analyze and compare the vulnerability of communities to environmental risks in three districts of Nepal with communities in three districts of Pakistan. While we address environmental exposure and sensitivity, the main focus is placed on adaptive capacity including obstacles to adaptation and maladaptation. Second, we explore how the resilience of communities is affected by the combination of environmental risks and weak governance. To identify common and different attributes between and within the two research regions, we apply a comparative conceptual framework to guide the community level case study research conducted in 2011 and 2012 in the Banke, Dang and Rolpa districts of Nepal, and the Badin, Karachi and Thatta districts of Pakistan. We interviewed a total of 288 respondents, including community members and key informants. Our findings suggest that poor governance is a central obstacle to adaptation in both countries but driven by different factors. Examples of maladaptation to climate change risks include provision of rice which undermines the production of traditional crops in Nepal and a water project in Pakistan exposing local communities to floods. The challenge is to improve relations between governance providers and local communities while addressing consequences of environmental risks, including migration and conflict.

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“…Global climate change is predicted to affect the water regimes in intertidal flats as a consequence of the heightened occurrence of drought or flooding events [15,16]. Given the changes in hydrological gradients that occur along elevational gradients, estuarine wetlands provide a natural setting for gaining insights into the N cycle under projected climate change scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen along the Hydrological Gradient of Marsh Sediments in a Subtropical Estuary: Pools, Processes, and Fluxes

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Knowledge on the distribution of nitrogen (N) pools, processes, and fluxes along hydrological gradients provides a comprehensive perspective to understand the underlying causal mechanisms in intertidal flats, and thus improve predictions and climate adaptation strategies. We used a space-for-time substitution method to quantify N pools, processes, and fluxes along a hydrological gradient. Further, we linked N pools and processes and investigated not only surface but also subsurface sediments. Our results showed a gradual decrease in total N (TN) and mineralization rates (PNmin), but an increase in potential rates of nitrification (PNR) and denitrification (PDNR) under an elevated hydrological gradient, except for TN and PNmin in the subsurface sediment, which accumulated on the interaction zone between the high and middle tidal flats. Most sedimentary ammonium N (NH4+) and nitrate N (NO3−) concentrations were similar; however, NH4+ accumulated on the subsurface of the middle tidal flat. NO3− fluxes (from −0.54 to −0.35 mmol m−2 h−1) were uptake fluxes in the intertidal flats, but NH4+ fluxes (−2.48–3.54 mmol m−2 h−1) changed from uptake to efflux in the seaward direction. Structural equation modeling of the effects of inundation frequency, underground biomass, total carbon (TC), electrical conductivity (EC), and clay proportion on the N processes revealed that these accounted for 67%, 82%, and 17% of the variance of PDNR, PNmin, and PNR, respectively. Inundation frequency, underground biomass, TC, EC, and PNmin effects on N pools accounted for 53%, 69%, and 98% of the variance of NH4+, NO3−, and TN, respectively. This suggests that future sea level rise may decrease N storage due to increase in coupled nitrification–denitrification and decrease in N mineralization, and the NH4+ flux may change from sink to source in intertidal ecosystems.

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Storm Surge Forecasting for the Arabian Sea

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

A review of tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts

A review of tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts

Vulnerability to Environmental Risks and Effects on Community Resilience in Mid-West Nepal and South-East Pakistan

Nitrogen along the Hydrological Gradient of Marsh Sediments in a Subtropical Estuary: Pools, Processes, and Fluxes

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