Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? – vision and driving in the Nordic countries

Bro, Tomas; Lindblom, Bertil

doi:10.1111/aos.13741

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The respondents called for alternative methods, such as practical driving tests in real traffic. However, such tests are problematic regarding, for example, cut-off values (Bro and Lindblom 2018), and further research is needed. Additionally, as current Swedish regulations prohibit practical tests after receiving a WDL decision, the Swedish Transport Agency has proposed an inquiry to investigate the possibility of performing practical tests in connection with investigations of dispensations (Transportstyrelsen 2020b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, WDL decisions due to VFL are based on perimetry, i.e., examination of the visual field (TSFS 2010). Such standardized vision testing, performed by healthcare personnel, measures the VFL, but not in relation to individual driving ability (Bro and Lindblom 2018). The investigated person can submit new information to the Swedish Transport Agency that might affect its decision (Transportstyrelsen 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The directive does not define what constitutes a visual defect and does not make it clear what methods are to be used to determine whether the requirements are met (Transportstyrelsen 2020b). This means that the structure and implementation of requirements can differ between countries, and the specifications and routines concerning WDL due to VFL are in some cases stricter in Sweden than in other countries (Bro and Lindblom 2018;Transportstyrelsen 2020b). For example, the Swedish Transport Agency is restrictive in granting dispensations (Transportstyrelsen 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distrust of Authorities: Experiences of Outcome and Processes of People Who Had Their Driving License Withdrawn Due to Visual Field Loss

et al. 2021

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Citizens’ trust of authorities is of general importance, as it can affect trust in society as a whole. The Swedish Transport Agency is a state administrative authority responsible for driving license withdrawal. If withdrawals are experienced as unfair by those affected, this might lead to decreased trust in the agency and in other actors involved. This study accordingly examines how the experiences of people who have had their driving license for a private car withdrawn due to visual field loss might affect their distrust of the authorities, as related to outcomes and processes. Follow-up interviews were conducted with nine people from a previous study. Content analysis revealed one overarching theme, struggling for justice within a system perceived as unfair, which comprised four identified categories: preparedness for and understanding of the withdrawn driving license (WDL); perceptions of assessment methods, reactions and actions regarding the decision, and perceptions of the authorities’ performance. In sum, the vision tests on which withdrawals are based were perceived as unfair, as they did not measure individual driving ability. Furthermore, rejections of appeals led to feelings of hopelessness. Distrust regarding outcomes and processes related to the withdrawals was also fueled by experiences of deficiencies regarding, for example, performance and information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distrust of Authorities: Experiences of Outcome and Processes of People Who Had Their Driving License Withdrawn Due to Visual Field Loss

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, the Swedish Transport Agency raised the question of whether a driving simulator-based method could be developed to evaluate if individuals with visual defects can drive safely and compensate for their impairment. Although the Nordic countries use the same framework of legislation, the implementation varies widely (Bro and Lindblom 2018). Some countries have more specified visual requirements than others and the use of periodic testing varies.…”

Section: Visual Ability and Driving Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of reaction time, cognition, and meta-cognition abilities for drivers with visual deficits

Andersson

Peters

2019

Cogn Tech Work

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Individuals who do not fulfill required visual field standards have their driving license withdrawn in Sweden. However, understanding of the ability to compensate for this loss is limited. This study aimed to determine if reaction time and cognitive performance are important for safe driving in visual field loss (VFL) individuals. Visually demanding reaction time tasks of different complexity, for example, can help one understand why some VFL individuals drive as safely as normally sighted individuals. Twenty VFL individuals and 83 normally sighted individuals participated in a driving simulator experiment and an additional test battery. The driving task categorized VFL participants into two subgroups: passed or failed. Three reaction time tasks, four cognitive tests, and two meta-cognitive scales were completed. The passed VFL subgroup was faster than the failed subgroup in the context-dependent reaction time task and slower in the context-independent reaction time task. The passed subgroup performed equally well, or less well, on the cognitive tasks compared to the failed subgroup. The VFL participants performed less well than the normally sighted individuals on most cognitive tasks. However, VFL participants did not reflect on their driving ability (in meta-cognitive scales) in the same way as normally sighted individuals. There appear to be VFL subgroups in terms of ability to drive safely. Reaction time is important, but context dependent. Cognitive contextindependent tests appear unrelated to driving test outcome for VFL individuals. The problems with context-independent testing of perceptual, cognitive, and meta-cognitive abilities when predicting safe driving capabilities are discussed.

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“…In the European Union (EU), the visual standards are defined in the Medical Annex of the 2009/113/EC Directive (http://eur-lex.europa.eu). However, the national standards vary even between the Nordic countries (Bro & Lindblom 2018). Tests for visual acuity and visual field as well as colour vision are standardized, in contrast to those evaluating twilight vision and contrast sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vision‐related problems in fatal road accidents in Finland

Wedenoja

Kalsi

Salenius³

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To evaluate the significance of vision‐related problems in fatal motor vehicle accidents (FMVAs) based on a systematic investigation process by multidisciplinary road accident investigation teams (RAITs). Methods Retrospective registry‐based study of all FMVAs during the years 2012–2016 in Finland in which driver causing the accident had a valid Finnish driving licence and the operated motor vehicle required having a driving licence. Results There were a total of 968 FMVAs. In only 1.3% of all the accidents, a vision‐related problem was considered to have contributed to the FMVA, while an observational failure of 23.6% was the leading cause of all the FMVAs. Conclusions Eye‐originating vision problems are rarely a causative risk for FMVAs in Finland. Making current visual standards more stringent would unlikely to be effective in FMVA prevention.

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Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? – vision and driving in the Nordic countries

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Distrust of Authorities: Experiences of Outcome and Processes of People Who Had Their Driving License Withdrawn Due to Visual Field Loss

Distrust of Authorities: Experiences of Outcome and Processes of People Who Had Their Driving License Withdrawn Due to Visual Field Loss

The importance of reaction time, cognition, and meta-cognition abilities for drivers with visual deficits

The role of vision‐related problems in fatal road accidents in Finland

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