“…Elasto-plasticity was the first type of non-linear constitutive model to be tackled [8]. The non-linear virtual fields method has since been used to study a wide range of materials such as arteries [4], rubbers [10,28,29], composites [7], and metals [12][13][14]17,25]. As a result, many different non-linear constitutive model types were considered including hyperelasticity, elasto-plasticity, visco-elasticity, and anisotropic plasticity.…”