Strains and Polarization During Antiferroelectric-Ferroelectric Phase Switching in Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)1−yTiy]0.98O3 Ceramics

Abstract

The electric field‐induced antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition is investigated through detailed measurements of electric polarization P, longitudinal strain x33, and transverse strain x11 developed under applied electric fields in a series of Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)1−yTiy]0.98O3 ceramics with compositions close to the antiferroelectric/ferroelectric phase boundary. It is found that the volume expansion, expressed as (x33+2x11), at the antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition remains ∼0.4% regardless of the composition in the range of 0.060≤y≤0.075. However, the induced ferroelectric phase in compositions y≥0.069 becomes metastable and the ferroelectric‐to‐antiferroelectric phase transition does not occur during the unloading of the applied field. This reverse phase transition occurs partially when electric fields with reversed polarity are applied. As a consequence, the switchable mechanical strains in compositions y≥0.069 are significantly reduced as y (Ti content) increases even though the switchable polarization remains at a high value.

Thermal analysis of phase transitions in perovskite electroceramics

“…1(c), reveals a large shrinkage of about 900 ppm (0.09%) when the ferroelectric phase transforms into the antiferroelectric phase. This corresponds to a 0.27% volume shrinkage; and its magnitude is comparable to that of volume expansion during the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition induced by the electric field [9]. The shrinkage began at 45 °C, its rate peaking at 48.5…”

“…1(a). According to previous studies [6][7][8][9], the anomalies on the 1 kHz dielectric constant curve at 51, 140, and 172…”

“…Lead-based antiferroelectrics that demonstrate a remarkably high energy storage density have been developed in the effort to bridge the gap between power density and energy density [2][3][4]. This is achieved through a reversible electrically induced phase transition between an antiferroelectric phase and a ferroelectric phase, resulting in the sudden development of high electrical polarization at the critical field of the phase transition [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. During unloading of the capacitor, a large amount of electrical energy is released as the dielectric material reverts to an antiferroelectric state [2][3][4].…”

“…In simple terms, the dielectric properties of these materials are nonlinear with changing electric fields, and the utilization of nonlinear dielectrics in capacitors has the potential to create very high energy densities as long as sufficiently high electric fields are applied [4]. Of all the antiferroelectric ceramics the most widely studied compositions are lead zirconate titanate stannate doped with minor amounts of niobium or lanthanum [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, Pb 0.99 Nb 0.02 [(Zr 0.57 Sn 0.43 ) 1-y Ti y ] 0.98 O 3 (PNZST43/100y/2) shows promise for applications in high energy density capacitors because its antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition can be easily manipulated and tuned [12,13].…”

Shock wave compression of poled Pb0.99[(Zr0.90Sn0.10)0.96Ti0.04]0.98Nb0.02O3 ceramics: Depoling currents in axial and normal modes

“…Lead zirconate stannate titanate ceramic (Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O 3 ) is an important family of ferroelectrics and is usually modified by niobium (Nb) or lanthanum (La) to tailor its properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In particular, compositions close to the phase boundary of the ferroelectric (FE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) have attracted considerable interest for many years.…”