Strategies for Discovering Mechanisms: Schema Instantiation, Modular Subassembly, Forward/Backward Chaining

Darden, Lindley

doi:10.1086/341858

Cited by 134 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Forward and backward chaining are reciprocal strategies for reasoning about one part of a decision on the basis of what is known or conjectured about other parts of the decision (Darden, 2002). Forward chaining uses the early stages of a decision to determine the types of entities and activities that are likely to be found downstream.…”

Section: System Modules and Interaction Mechanism Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated clinical pathway management for medical quality improvement – based on a semiotically inspired systems architecture

Liu

Yang

et al. 2014

European Journal of Information Systems

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Clinical pathway is an approach to standardise care processes to support the implementations of clinical guidelines and protocols. It is designed to support the management of treatment processes including clinical and non-clinical activities, resources and also financial aspects. It provides detailed guidance for each stage in the management of a patient with the aim of improving the continuity and coordination of care across different disciplines and sectors. However, in the practical treatment process, the lack of knowledge sharing and information accuracy of paper-based clinical pathways burden health-care staff with a large amount of paper work. This will often result in medical errors, inefficient treatment process and thus poor quality medical services. This paper first presents a theoretical underpinning and a co-design research methodology for integrated pathway management by drawing input from organisational semiotics. An approach to integrated clinical pathway management is then proposed, which aims to embed pathway knowledge into treatment processes and existing hospital information systems. The capability of this approach has been demonstrated through the case study in one of the largest hospitals in China. The outcome reveals that medical quality can be improved significantly by the classified clinical pathway knowledge and seamless integration with hospital information systems.

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Section: System Modules and Interaction Mechanism Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated clinical pathway management for medical quality improvement – based on a semiotically inspired systems architecture

Liu

Yang

et al. 2014

European Journal of Information Systems

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“…By mechanistic reasoning, we mean that teachers must not only understand that a particular cause leads to a particular effect but also how this particular cause brings about this particular effect [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Russ and coauthors [38,39] adopt the term "chaining" [42,43] for describing how each stage of a mechanism "necessarily follows from the one before it and necessarily leads to the one after it," and consider chaining to be "strong evidence of mechanistic reasoning" [39]. In this perspective, the central components of mechanisms are activities (the "components of mechanisms that produce change") and entities (the things that engage in activities).…”

Section: B Mechanistic Reasoning About Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of “collisions generate heat” for reconciling an energy model with mechanistic reasoning: A case study

Scherr

Robertson

2015

Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res.

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We observe teachers in professional development courses about energy constructing mechanistic accounts of energy transformations. We analyze a case in which teachers investigating adiabatic compression develop a model of the transformation of kinetic energy to thermal energy. Among their ideas is the idea that thermal energy is generated as a byproduct of individual particle collisions, which is represented in science education research literature as an obstacle to learning. We demonstrate that in this instructional context, the idea that individual particle collisions generate thermal energy is not an obstacle to learning, but instead is productive: it initiates intellectual progress. Specifically, this idea initiates the reconciliation of the teachers' energy model with mechanistic reasoning about adiabatic compression, and leads to a canonically correct model of the transformation of kinetic energy into thermal energy. We claim that the idea's productivity is influenced by features of our particular instructional context, including the instructional goals of the course, the culture of collaborative sense making, and the use of certain representations of energy.

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“…Consequently, these constructs impact broadly on how we approach science and what constitutes a scientific explanation. The issue becomes especially acute for multi-level interdisciplinary approaches in the neurosciences, which seek to integrate information across disparate levels of organization and function, and associated levels of observation and analysis [11,24]. Neuroscience refers to the collection of disciplines concerned with the structure and function of the nervous system.…”

Section: Review Evolution Of Neuroarchitecture G G Berntson Et Al 69mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of neuroarchitecture, multi-level analyses and calibrative reductionism

et al. 2011

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Evolution has sculpted the incredibly complex human nervous system, among the most complex functions of which extend beyond the individual to an intricate social structure. Although these functions are deterministic, those determinants are legion, heavily interacting and dependent on a specific evolutionary trajectory. That trajectory was directed by the adaptive significance of quasi-random genetic variations, but was also influenced by chance and caprice. With a different evolutionary pathway, the same neural elements could subserve functions distinctly different from what they do in extant human brains. Consequently, the properties of higher level neural networks cannot be derived readily from the properties of the lower level constituent elements, without studying these elements in the aggregate. Thus, a multi-level approach to integrative neuroscience may offer an optimal strategy. Moreover, the process of calibrative reductionism, by which concepts and understandings from one level of organization or analysis can mutually inform and 'calibrate' those from other levels (both higher and lower), may represent a viable approach to the application of reductionism in science. This is especially relevant in social neuroscience, where the basic subject matter of interest is defined by interacting organisms across diverse environments.

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Strategies for Discovering Mechanisms: Schema Instantiation, Modular Subassembly, Forward/Backward Chaining

Cited by 134 publications

References 19 publications

Integrated clinical pathway management for medical quality improvement – based on a semiotically inspired systems architecture

Integrated clinical pathway management for medical quality improvement – based on a semiotically inspired systems architecture

Productivity of “collisions generate heat” for reconciling an energy model with mechanistic reasoning: A case study

Evolution of neuroarchitecture, multi-level analyses and calibrative reductionism

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