Strategy Use in Reasoning Training With Older Adults

Saczynski, Jane S.; Willis, Sherry L.; Schaie, K. Warner

doi:10.1076/anec.9.1.48.836

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Para a recordação de textos, a medida de uso de estraté-gias foi o número de palavras grifadas pelos participantes no pré e no pós-teste, semelhante ao sistema utilizado por Saczynski et al (2000). Cabe ressaltar que durante a leitura dos textos no pré e no pós-teste os participantes tinham lápis disponível e as instruções indicavam que o texto poderia ser marcado.…”

Section: Materiaisunclassified

“…Para estabelecer o uso de estratégias como mecanismo explicativo, a utilização das estratégias de memória deve ser medida objetivamente antes e depois da intervenção, um grupo controle que somente completa as avaliações deve ser incluído (para avaliar os efeitos da prática com atividades de memória), e deve-se avaliar a correlação entre o uso das estratégias e o desempenho nos testes de memorização no pré e no pós-teste. Poucos estudos cumpriram estas exigências (ver Saczynski, Willis, & Schaie, 2000;Verhaeghen, & Marcoen, 1996, como exceções).…”

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Treino de memória no idoso saudável: benefícios e mecanismos

Yassuda¹,

Batistoni²,

Fortes³

et al. 2006

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoIntrodução: Pesquisas documentam declínio na memória ao longo do envelhecimento, entretanto, estudos apontam que o treino gera um aumento significativo no desempenho de idosos. Objetivo: Replicar resultados internacionais referentes a treino de memória com uma amostra brasileira de idosos saudáveis e investigar mecanismos, como o uso de estratégias, que possam explicar seus benefícios. Método: 69 idosos saudáveis, subdivididos em grupo experimental (GE) e grupo controle (GC), receberam quatro sessões de treino de memória (GC recebeu o treino após o pós-teste). O treino ofereceu informações sobre memória e envelhecimento, instrução e prática em organização de listas de supermercado e grifo de idéias principais em textos. Resultados: No pós-teste o GE apresentou melhor desempenho na recordação de texto e maior uso de estratégias (organização da lista e uso de grifo). Os dois grupos relataram menor número de queixas (medidas através do MAC-Q) e processamento de informações mais rápido (símbolos do WAIS-R) no pós-teste. Conclusões: Após o treino, os idosos fazem uso mais intenso de estratégias de memória, mas este fato não garante melhor desempenho (não houve aumento na memorização da lista). Os achados para a lista sugerem a presença da deficiência da utilização: os idosos usaram a estratégia, mas não se beneficiaram dela. Palvaras-chave: Memória; treino; envelhecimento; estratégias. AbstractIntroduction: Studies document a change in memory during the process of aging. However, studies report the possibility of improvement after training. Objective: To replicate international findings regarding the effects of memory training with a sample of Brazilian elders and to investigate mechanisms, such as the use of strategies, that can explain its benefits. Methods: 69 healthy Brazilian elders were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), and received four sessions of training (CG received training after pos-test). Training included information on memory and the process of aging, instruction and practice in organizing grocery lists and the underlining of main ideas in short texts. Results: There was superior improvement for prose recall and greater use of strategies (organizing lists and underlining texts) for the EG at post-test. Both groups reported fewer memory complaints (assessed with the MAC-Q) and faster information processing (WAIS-R Digit Symbols sub-test). Conclusions: After training, elders intensify the use of strategies, however, this fact does not guarantee a better performance (there was no significant improvement in list recalls). List recall results suggest the presence of the utilization deficiency: elders used the strategy but failed to benefit from it.

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Section: Materiaisunclassified

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Treino de memória no idoso saudável: benefícios e mecanismos

Yassuda¹,

Batistoni²,

Fortes³

et al. 2006

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Developmental reserve plasticity in associative memory in younger children and old adults amounted to about 92% and 17%, respectively, of the amount of 2 Beyond memory plasticity, adult cognitive training research over the past two decades has provided a foundation for our understanding of the effects of aging on cognitive plasticity in general (Kramer and Willis, 2002 for review). For instance, there is evidence suggesting that older adults could still benefit from training to improve their reasoning ability (Saczynski et al, 2002) and dual-task performance (Kramer et al, 1999). plasticity observed in a referencing group of older children aged 11-12 years (see Fig.…”

Section: Behavioral Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation of associative and organizational plasticity across the life span: Empirical evidence and neurocomputational modeling

Brehmer

Shing

et al. 2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Developmental plasticity is the key mechanism that allows humans and other organisms to modify and adapt to contextual and experiential influences. Thus, reciprocal co-constructive interactions between behavioral and neuronal plasticity play important roles in regulating neurobehavioral development across the life span. This review focuses on behavioral and neuronal evidence of lifespan differences in associative memory plasticity and plasticity of the functional organization of cognitive and cortical processes, as well as the role of the dopaminergic system in modulating such plasticity. Special attention is given to neurocomputational models that help exploring lifespan differences in neuromodulation of neuronal and behavioral plasticity. Simulation results from these models suggest that lifespan changes in the efficacy of neuromodulatory mechanisms may shape associative memory plasticity and the functional organization of neurocognitive processes by affecting the fidelity of neuronal signal transmission, which has consequences for the distinctiveness of neurocognitive representations and the efficacy of distributed neural coding. r

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“…However, it was not analyzed whether there are long-term eVects of such training. EVects of training on inductive reasoning, for example, lasted up to 7 years in the Seattle Longitudinal Study (Schaie and Willis 1986;Saczynski et al 2002). Memory functions may be improved by a training of speciWc memory strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective

et al. 2006

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The present study evaluates the eVect of cognitive training, of psychoeducational training and of physical training on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, physical health, independent living and wellbeing in older people. Also the combination of physical training with cognitive training or psychoeducational training, respectively, was evaluated. In contrast to most training studies with older people, training eVects were evaluated in a longitudinal perspective over 5 years to analyse long-term-results of cognitive and physical activity on older adults. Training eVects were evaluated compared to a no-treatment-control group. Subjects were 375 community residents aged 75-93 years. Up to 5 years after baseline examination, signiWcant training eVects were observed in the group exposed to the combined cognitive and physical training. The physical and cognitive status in the participants of this group could be preserved on a higher level compared to baseline, and the participants displayed fewer depressive symptoms than the notreatment-control group. The results are discussed in the light of recent research regarding the eVects of mental and physical activity on brain function in older adults.

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Strategy Use in Reasoning Training With Older Adults

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

Treino de memória no idoso saudável: benefícios e mecanismos

Treino de memória no idoso saudável: benefícios e mecanismos

Neuromodulation of associative and organizational plasticity across the life span: Empirical evidence and neurocomputational modeling

Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective

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