Optimizing the aircraft equipment usage scheme of different units according to their task intensity has great significance in improving aircraft reliability and health management. This paper studied the modeling and solving methods of the rotation and echelon usage problems of aircraft equipment measured by dual-life indexes, one of which cannot be controlled. In order to maximize the waste rate of the rotation quantity, echelon uniformity index, life matching index and life utilization index, a decision-making model of the equipment rotation and echelon usage problem under uncertainty was constructed, and an improved NSGA-III with a variable length chromosome was proposed. An improved segmented coding method and operators were proposed, and the repeated individual control mechanism was used to improve the population diversity. When the scale of the problem was large, this method could search a wider range in a short time and obtain more feasible solutions, which verified the feasibility of this method.