Stratum adiposum, A Special Structure of the African Catfish Skin (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>, Burchell 1822)

Guerra, Ricardo Romão; Santos, Nilton Pedro dos; Cecarelli, P.; Mangetti, Adilson José; Silva, J. R. M. C.; Hernandez‐Blazquez, Francisco Javier

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00614.x

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We have here demonstrated that club cells are indeed present in high density in the skin of the jundiá, that these cells are large and rounded, and located in the middle of the stratified epithelium. Interestingly, club cells of R. quelen are binucleated, as has been found for other catfishes (e.g., Chapman & Johnson, 1997;Smith, 2000;Guerra et al, 2006;Damasceno et al, 2012) suggesting an intense cell metabolic activity; the significance of this finding, however, remains to be clarified.…”

Section: Concentration Of Skin Homogenatementioning

confidence: 54%

“…In Characiformes, which features the largest number of species assessed in this context, alarm responses to alarm cells substances have been reported, for example, in Brycon amazonicus (Honda et al, 2008); Brycon cephalus (Ide et al, 2003); Gymnocharacinus bergi (Cordi et al, 2005); Leporinus macrocephalus (Alves et al, 2013); Leporinus piau ; Mimagoniates lateralis and M. microlepis (Duboc, 2007), and Piaractus mesopotamicus (Jordão & Volpato, 2000). In the Siluriformes, the second order most studied in this context, six species have been evaluated: Arius felis (e.g., Smith 2000), Clarias gariepinus (e.g., Guerra et al, 2006;van de Nieuwegiessen et al, 2008;van de Nieuwegiessen et al, 2009), Ictalurus punctatus (e.g., Chapman & Johnson, 1997;Valentic & Caprio, 1994), Pimelodella lateristriga (e.g., Damasceno et al, 2012), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (e.g., Giaquinto & Volpato, 2001). However, only two studies were found about the role of epithelial alarm cells on behavioral responses in jundiá, R. quelen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Skin extract from Rhamdia quelen(Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) does not promote stress in conspecifics

Souza‐Bastos

Freire

Fernandes-de-Castilho

2014

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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Chemical communication is widely used in aquatic environments, where visual or auditory signals may not be always effective. Fish of the superorder Ostariophysi are known to display epidermal cells (club cells) that produce and store alarm substances, which are released to the water when the skin is damaged. Responses to alarm substances range widely, between active searches for refuge to a complete stop in any locomotor activity. In this study a large number of binucleated club cells (average density of 11 cells /µm 2 ) were histologically observed in the skin of the catfish Rhamdia quelen (known as jundiá). Skin extract (2, 5, and 10% w/v) applied for 15 minutes to conspecifics elicited increase in swimming activity and in the area visited by the fish inside the tank. However, exposure to the epithelial alarm cue did not evoke any stress response: plasma osmolality, ions (sodium, chloride, magnesium, and potassium), glucose and cortisol remained unchanged. In conclusion, the conspecific alarm cue of the jundiá induces behavioral responses but not an acute stress response upon short-term exposure, compatible with its role in fostering physical integrity without representing major stress activation. Considering that in the natural environment such stimuli must quickly disappear due to dilution and that rapid protection responses may be necessary upon the possibility of an approaching predator, a faster mechanism to assure survival may come into play, such as sympathetic nervous system activation.Comunicação química é amplamente utilizada por animais que vivem em ambiente aquático, onde sinais visuais e auditivos nem sempre são facilmente identificados. Os Ostariophysi são conhecidos por apresentarem células club na epiderme, as quais produzem e estocam substância de alarme que são liberadas para o ambiente quando a pele é lesionada. As respostas dos peixes a substância de alarme variam entre exploração ativa por refúgios até a parada completa de atividade locomotora. Neste estudo, grande número de células club binucleadas (densidade média de 11 células/µm2) foram histologicamente observadas na epiderme do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen. Peixes expostos a extrato de pele de conspecíficos (2, 5, e 10% peso/vol) por 15 minutos apresentaram aumento da atividade locomotora e da área de dispersão. No entanto, essa exposição não promoveu nenhuma resposta de estresse -osmolalidade plasmática, íons (sódio, cloreto, magnésio e potássio), glicose e cortisol não sofreram alteração. Concluímos que a exposição aguda a extrato de pele de conspecíficos promovem respostas comportamentais de fuga, que essa espécie apresenta grande concentração de células club, as quais devem estar envolvidas nessas respostas e que a exposição aguda ao estímulo não promoveu respostas bioquímicas indicativas de estresse. Considerando que no ambiente natural tais estímulos devem desaparecer rapidamente dados a diluição do meio e que respostas rápidas de proteção devem ser desencadeadas frente à possibilidade de presença de predador, vias rápidas de suporte ...

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Section: Concentration Of Skin Homogenatementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin extract from Rhamdia quelen(Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) does not promote stress in conspecifics

Souza‐Bastos

Freire

Fernandes-de-Castilho

2014

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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“…In the ariid catfish Plicofollis argyropleuron (Valenciennes 1840) it is described as elongated ( Arius tenuispinis species cited in [4], whereas in Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus 1766) is globular (species Arius felis as cited in [31]. In the bullhead Coreobagrus brevicorpus (Mori 1936) this cell type shape varies from globular to elongated (cited as Pseudobagrus brevicorpus in [7], being elongated in the African sharptooth catfishes Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) [3] and Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) [45], and globular in Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818) [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidermal cells, also known as filament containing cells, are the smallest and most numerous cells, being the major epithelium covering cells, and are found all over the epiderm, from basal to superficial layers [1], [3]. Mucous and granular cells are conspicuous round cells with peripheral flattened nucleus, located on the apical region of the epithelium [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Epidermis of the Neotropical Catfish Pimelodella lateristriga (Lichtenstein, 1823) with Emphasis in Club Cells

Damasceno

Monteiro²,

Duboc³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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The epidermis of Ostariophysi fish is composed of 4 main cell types: epidermal cells (or filament containing cells), mucous cells, granular cells and club cells. The morphological analysis of the epidermis of the catfish Pimelodella lateristriga revealed the presence of only two types of cells: epidermal and club cells. The latter were evident in the middle layer of the epidermis, being the largest cells within the epithelium. Few organelles were located in the perinuclear region, while the rest of the cytoplasm was filled with a non-vesicular fibrillar substance. Club cells contained two irregular nuclei with evident nucleoli and high compacted peripheral chromatin. Histochemical analysis detected prevalence of protein within the cytoplasm other than carbohydrates, which were absent. These characteristics are similar to those described to most Ostariophysi studied so far. On the other hand, the epidermal cells differ from what is found in the literature. The present study described three distinct types, as follows: superficial, abundant and dense cells. Differences among them were restricted to their cytoplasm and nucleus morphology. Mucous cells were found in all Ostariophysi studied so far, although they were absent in P. lateristriga, along with granular cells, also typical of other catfish epidermis. The preset study corroborates the observations on club cells' morphology in Siluriformes specimens, and shows important differences in epidermis composition and cell structure of P. lateristriga regarding the literature data.

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“…The scale‐less African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) was chosen for its tolerance to high and low temperatures, which makes it a good model to study temperature effects on wound healing. The microscopic structure of the epidermis and dermis was described by Guerra et al (2006). Here, the kinetics of the cutaneous cicatrization in C. gariepinus at 30° C, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of skin wounds in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Guerra

Santos

Cecarelli

et al. 2008

Journal of Fish Biology

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The African catfish Clarias gariepinus was used as a model for wound healing and tissue regeneration in a scale-less fish. A temporal framework of histological and cell proliferation markers was established after wound induction in the dorsolateral cranial region, by removing the epidermal and dermal layers, including stratum adiposum (SA). Wound closure and epidermis formation was initiated within 3 h post-procedure (hpp) with migration and concomitant proliferation of epidermal cells from the wound borders. The wound was covered by this primary epidermal front 12 hpp and fusion of the opposing epidermal fronts occurred within 24 hpp. Attachment of the newly formed epidermal layer to the underlying dermis was observed 48 hpp concomitant with a second wave of cell proliferation at the wound edge. Normal epidermal thickness within the wound was achieved 72 hpp. Formation of a basement membrane occurred by 120 hpp with concomitant emergence of the SA from the wound borders. Wound healing in C. gariepinus skin involved closure of the wound and re-epithelization through cell migration with a single wave of early cell proliferation not documented in other species. Furthermore, covering of the wound by epithelium as well as the reappearance of the basement membrane and SA occurred sooner than in other fish species.

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Stratum adiposum, A Special Structure of the African Catfish Skin (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Skin extract from Rhamdia quelen(Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) does not promote stress in conspecifics

Skin extract from Rhamdia quelen(Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) does not promote stress in conspecifics

Morphology of the Epidermis of the Neotropical Catfish Pimelodella lateristriga (Lichtenstein, 1823) with Emphasis in Club Cells

Healing of skin wounds in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

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