Straw phytolith for less hazardous open burning of paddy straw

Abstract

Rice production helps feed at least half of the world’s population but generates approximately one billion tonnes of straw residue per annum. On-site open burning of rice straw after harvesting is common in recent times because there has been less demand for rice straw to use as fuel and fodder. Due to health and climate change concerns, open burning, which results in biomass losses, smog and emissions of green house gases, e.g., CO2, has been widely criticized and banned in many countries. Little is known about the positive benefits of straw burning, such as field care (eradication of biotic diseases) or nutrient cycling. Herein, we propose a new viewpoint in which the burning of rice straw followed by cycling of the burned materials, including silica material (so-called phytolith), into soil is demonstrated as a CO2-sequestration strategy via buffering the soil CO2 flux and coupling CO2 with the silicon cycle.

Pemberdayaan Petani Desa Candijati dalam Pencegahan Covid-19 dan Peningkatan Status Ekonomi melalui Pembuatan Masker Jerami Aromaterapi

“…Jerami mengandung 35,61% selulosa, 26,96% hemiselulosa dan 10,79% lignin (Syazwanee, 2018), sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku tisue. Produk tisu yang dihasilkan dari jerami bersifat biodegradable (Nguyen, 2019). Tisu kering berbahan jerami akan ditambah dengan minyak aroma terapi cirus/jeruk yang dapat meredakan kecemasan sehingga membantu menenangkan pikiran petani.…”

Carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose from Salix psammophila prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis combined with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidation

“…The simple incineration of waste S. psammophila not only fails to make rational use of calorific value, but also causes serious environmental pollution such as dust, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the application of waste sand ash resources and realize the "turning waste into treasure" of waste sand ash resources (Nguyen and Nguyen 2019). Salix psammophila contains 36.9% cellulose, 35.0% hemicellulose, 24.8% lignin, a small amount of ash, tannin, and lipids, etc.…”

Burned phytoliths absorbing black carbon as a potential proxy for paleofire

“…Besides these methods, an alternative approach uses the chemical composition to identify burned phytoliths. Although some research has demonstrated the content of Pb, SiO 2 , and C occluded in phytoliths could change due to heating (Jones and Beavers, 1964;Nguyen and Nguyen, 2019;Wu et al, 2014), only C has been invoked as a fire indicator. The darkened color of burned phytoliths is probably derived from the oxidation of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC), and is used to distinguish burned from unburned phytoliths (Gu et al, 2008;Parr, 2006).…”

“…Plants with high phytolith carbon sequestration rates play an important role in increasing the global carbon sink and mitigating global CO 2 emissions (Chen et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2013;Song et al, 2017). However, the combustion of plants might influence the chemical composition of phytoliths and their taphonomy in soils (Blecker et al, 2006;Nguyen and Nguyen, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2021).…”