Stream geochemistry, chemical weathering and CO2 consumption potential of andesitic terrains, Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Goldsmith, Steven T.; Carey, Anne E.; Johnson, Bruce; Welch, Susan A.; Lyons, W. Berry; McDowell, William H.; Pigott, J. S.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.009

Cited by 88 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…. This is considerably higher than the global average silicate weathering rate of ~7 t/km2 per year (Gaillardet et al 1999), comparable to the surface runoffs of nearby islands of Dominica (6-106 t/km2 per year; Goldsmith et al 2010) and Martinique and Guadeloupe (100-120 t/km2 per year; Rad et al 2006), but lower than 290-1,090 t/km2 per year for subsurface weathering on Martinique and Guadeloupe (Rad et al 2007). This discrepancy with regard to subsurface weathering likely reflects the fact that the Centre Hills massif is an extinct volcano and has an age of 950-550 ka (Harford et al 2002), whereas the areas studied by Rad et al (2007) is also likely to be higher (Bramble and Barragne-Bigot 1988).…”

Section: Geothermal Watermentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These soil formations can reach 70 m thick in the Lesser Antilles (Rad et al 2007), although on Montserrat the soils are thinner due to the island's small size, steep topography, and relatively young age. As with Dominica (Goldsmith et al 2010), these combined factors have restricted soil development. The soils are generally thicker and more deeply weathered towards the north of the island where older deposits outcrop.…”

Section: Field Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic islands commonly have high relief and runoff and are comprised of easily weathered volcanic material (Eiriksdottir et al 2008). Elevated mechanical and chemical weathering in volcanic terrains has been recognized as an important component in the transport of global dissolved load to the oceans (Rad et al 2007) and therefore plays a significant role in the consumption of atmospheric CO2 and the marine geochemical budgets of a variety of cations (Gaillardet et al 1999;Dessert et al 2003;Rad et al 2006;Goldsmith et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The weathering and element fluxes from active volcanoes to the oceans: a Montserrat case study

et al. 2010

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The eruptions of the Soufrière Hills volcano on Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) from 1995 to present have draped parts of the island in fresh volcaniclastic deposits. Volcanic islands such as Montserrat are an important component of global weathering fluxes, due to high relief and runoff and high chemical and physical weathering rates of fresh volcaniclastic material. We examine the impact of the recent volcanism on the geochemistry of pre-existing hydrological systems and demonstrate that the initial chemical weathering yield of fresh volcanic material is higher than that from older deposits within the Lesser Antilles arc. The silicate weathering may have consumed 1.3% of the early CO 2 emissions from the Soufrière Hills volcano. In contrast, extinct volcanic edifices such as the Centre Hills in central Montserrat are a net sink for atmospheric CO 2 due to continued elevated weathering rates relative to continental silicate rock weathering. The role of an arc volcano as a source or sink for atmospheric CO 2 is therefore critically dependent on the stage it occupies in its life cycle, changing from a net source to a net sink as the eruptive activity wanes. While the onset of the eruption has had a profound effect on the groundwater around the Soufrière Hills center, the geochemistry of springs in the Centre Hills 5 km to the north appear unaffected by the recent volcanism. This has implications for the potential risk, or lack thereof, of contamination of potable water supplies for the island's inhabitants.

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Section: Geothermal Watermentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Field Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The weathering and element fluxes from active volcanoes to the oceans: a Montserrat case study

et al. 2010

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“…8 Silicate weathering fluxes from volcanic lithologies, corrected for atmospheric and, where possible, for hydrothermal inputs (Gaillardet et al, 2011). Data are from multiple sources (Dessert et al, 2001;Dessert et al, 2009;Gaillardet et al, 2011;Goldsmith et al, 2010;Goldsmith et al, 2008;Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2011;Jones et al, 2010;Louvat and Allegre, 1998;Louvat et al, 2008;Lyons et al, 2005;Pokrovsky et al, 2005;Schopka et al, 2011). 9 Same as (7) but omitting the 79 samples from the Philippines that were heavily weighted in the volcanic dataset due to their large number (Schopka et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Dixon

Blanckenburg

2012

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

130

154

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The weathering and erosion processes that produce and destroy regolith are widely recognized to be positively correlated across diverse landscapes. However, conceptual and numerical models predict some limits to this relationship that remain largely untested. Using new global data compilations of soil production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides and silicate weathering fluxes from global rivers, we show that the weatheringerosion relationship is capped by certain 'speed limits'. We estimate a soil production speed limit of between 320 to 450 t km -2 y -1 and the associated weathering rate speed limit of roughly 150 t km -2 y -1. These limits appear to be valid for a range of lithologies, and also extend to mountain belts, where soil cover is not continuous and erosion rates outpace soil production. We argue that the presence of soil and regolith is a requirement for high weathering fluxes from a landscape, and that rapidly eroding, active mountain belts are not the most efficient sites for weathering. . Ces limites semblent être valides pour une large gamme de roches-mères, et s'appliquent aussi aux zones montagneuses, où les sols ne recouvrent pas toute la surface et où les taux d'érosion dépassent ceux de la production du sol. Nous avançons que la présence d'un sol est un prérequis pour qu'un paysage exporte de fort flux d'altération, et que les chaînes de montagne actives présentant de forts taux d'érosion ne sont pas les sites les plus efficaces pour l'altération.

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“…Nine bulk tephra samples (500-1000 g total mass) were collected from several locations from Dominica during March 2008 in watersheds where chemical weathering flux was estimated from stream flow and chemistry (Goldsmith et al, 2010). After preliminary experiments were conducted, only five relatively unweathered samples were chosen for dissolution experiments.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Solid Phase Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trace mineral phases on the total solute flux from andesitic volcanics

Welch

Goldsmith

Carey

2015

Applied Geochemistry

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Stream geochemistry, chemical weathering and CO2 consumption potential of andesitic terrains, Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Cited by 88 publications

References 51 publications

The weathering and element fluxes from active volcanoes to the oceans: a Montserrat case study

The weathering and element fluxes from active volcanoes to the oceans: a Montserrat case study

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Impact of trace mineral phases on the total solute flux from andesitic volcanics

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