Strengthening and toughening of a multi-component lithium disilicate glass-ceramic by ion-exchange

Chemical strengthening of zirconia/swelling mica composites by ion-exchange in molten salts

“…FE-SEM images of the Vickers indentations of the original composite and composite ion-exchanged in molten KCl at 800°C for 16 h are shown in Figure 12. The cracks developed from the indentation corners were obviously shortened by the ion-exchange, which is one of the evidence that the compressive stress was generated near surface by the ion-exchange [15,22]. The change in the crack length of the ion-exchanged composites with a soaking time of ion-exchange is shown in Figure 13.…”

“…The flexural strength of nepheline glass ceramics was dramatically increased from 58 to 1300 MPa by exchanging Na + ions in nepheline crystals for K + ions [12,13]. Also, stuffed β-quartz glass ceramics [14], dental glass ceramics such as lithium disilicate glass ceramics [15][16][17][18] and Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (LAS) glass ceramics [19], leucite-reinforced dental glass [20], and dental porcelain [21][22][23] have been strengthened by the ion-exchange.…”

Influences of copper–potassium ion exchange process on the optical bandgaps and spectroscopic properties of Cr3+/Yb3+ co-doped in lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses

“…3,12,19 In fact, the ion exchange process between coinage ions and alkali ions has many advantages compared with other traditional methods. 21 For example, in many previous researches [22][23][24] as well as in our recent work, 25 it was shown that the coinage ions introduced by the ion exchange processes could signicantly affect the optical properties of the glasses such as the refractive index, the optical density, the nearinfrared emission spectrum, or even chemically strengthen the glasses 26,27 as well as modify glass structure. 28 Through the ion exchange process, the Cu + and Cu 2+ ions, as well as Ag + ions, could be ejected into the surfaces of the glasses, 22,24,[29][30][31][32] then become neutral copper or/and silver atoms and grow into copper or/and silver nanoparticles (CuNPs or/and AgNPs).…”

Ceramic Toughening Strategies for Biomedical Applications

“…(B) Ion-exchange toughened lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Changing tendencies of VIF toughness of the glass-ceramic with increasing (a) the ion-exchange time and (b) the depth of Li + /Na + exchange obtained, at 450, 385 and 315°C, respectively, in a pure NaNO 3 bath ( Li et al, 2020 ). (C) Scanning electron microscope fractographs of the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic: (a,c) in annealing state; (b,d) tempered in 250°C silicone oil.…”