Stress-induced increases in progesterone and cortisol in naturally cycling women

Herrera, Alexandra Ycaza; Nielsen, Shawn E.; Mather, Mara

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.02.006

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, a higher concentration of progesterone in the pregnant HS cows supported our findings because there is a positive correlation between progesterone concentration and rectal temperature during pregnancy [40]. Progesterone secreted from corpus luteum/placenta during pregnancy, and stress-responded progesterone from adrenal glands may be responsible for the increased level [41, 42]. Surprisingly, however, we did not find downregulation of progesterone levels caused by the dysfunction of the corpus luteum during long-term HS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

Lee¹,

Lee

Son³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Korean peninsular weather is rapidly becoming subtropical due to global warming. In summer 2018, South Korea experienced the highest temperatures since the meteorological observations recorded in 1907. Heat stress has a negative effect on Holstein cows, the most popular breed of dairy cattle in South Korea, which is susceptible to heat. To examine physiological changes in dairy cows under heat stress conditions, we analyzed the profiles circulating microRNAs isolated from whole blood samples collected under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions using small RNA sequencing. We compared the expression profiles in lactating cows under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions to understand the regulation of biological processes in heat-stressed cows. Moreover, we measured several heat stress indicators, such as rectal temperature, milk yield, average daily gain, and progesterone concentration. All these assessments showed that pregnant cows were more susceptible to heat stress than non-pregnant cows. Particularly, progesterone concentrations known to have maternal warming effects were at similar levels in non-pregnant cows but significantly increased in pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were analyzed in pregnant cows. Interestingly, we found that differentially expressed miRNAs (bta-miR-146b, bta-miR-20b, bta-miR-29d-3p, bta-miR-1246) specifically targeted progesterone biosynthesis (StAR) and the function of corpus luteum-related genes (CCL11, XCL), suggesting that pregnant cows with elevated progesterone concentrations are more susceptible to heat stress. In addition, we found the differential expression of 11 miRNAs (bta-miR-19a, bta-miR-19b, bta-miR-30a-5p, and several from the bta-miR-2284 family) in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. In target gene prediction and gene set enrichment analysis, these miRNAs were found to be associated with the cytoskeleton, cell junction, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, ATP synthesis, oxidative stress, and immune responses involved in heat response. These miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for heat stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

Lee¹,

Lee

Son³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…An important consideration in human research on the P/E ratio, and PTSD research in particular, is the influence of stress on progesterone and estradiol levels. In addition to cortisol, the adrenal glands secrete progesterone as part of the stress response and higher progesterone levels have been associated with higher levels of available cortisol (Deis, Leguizamon, & Jahn, 1989;Herrera, Nielsen, & Mather, 2016;Roca et al, 2003;Wirth, Meier, Fredrickson, & Schultheiss, 2007). Thus, during high progesterone phases of the menstrual cycle, the contribution of stress may further increase progesterone levels and inflate the P/E ratio.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Human Research On the P/e Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational studies of estradiol and progesterone in fear and PTSD

Seligowski

Hurly

Mellen

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Translational models of fear have greatly informed our understanding of PTSD and its underlying fear circuitry. One of the most replicated findings in the field is the two-fold higher PTSD incidence in females compared to males. While sociocultural factors play a role, the most robust biological influencers to date are gonadal hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, which fluctuate across the menstrual cycle. Among studies that account for these hormones, most do so in isolation or collect both and only report one. Variation in study findings suggests that the ratio between these two hormones (the P/E ratio) may be an important and missing variable to further understand gonadal hormone influences on fear. Here we review cross-species examinations of fear and PTSD, within the contexts of estradiol and progesterone as well as P/E ratios that were calculated based on extant literature. We then provide recommendations for best practices in assay methods and reporting to improve research on the P/E ratio in fear and PTSD. Ultimately, greater understanding of this important variable will advance efforts to characterize gonadal hormone influences on fear learning processes in humans and animals.

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“…Roca et al () have demonstrated that progesterone administration increased HPA‐axis response to exercise. Herrera, Nielsen, and Mather () found that higher baseline progesterone levels during the low progesterone follicular phase were associated with higher cortisol in response to stress after the cold pressor test. Inconsistency in results may derive from differences between ovarian progesterone and adrenal progesterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the adrenals are the main source of progesterone in males, both ovaries and the adrenal are the source of progesterone in women (Wirth, Meier, Fredrickson, & Schultheiss, 2007). An association between ovarian and adrenal progesterone across the menstrual cycle in women was also demonstrated (Herrera et al, 2016). Future studies should further investigate the role of progesterone in modulating the HPA-axis reactivity to stress in men and women across the menstrual cycle.…”

Section: Reschkementioning

confidence: 90%

Gonadal hormones modulate the HPA‐axis and the SNS in response to psychosocial stress

Barel

Abu-Shkara

Colodner

et al. 2018

J of Neuroscience Research

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Exposure to stress activates both the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). A growing body of research points to the contribution of sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone), the end products of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, in modulating stress reactivity. The present study aimed at investigating the potential modulating role of sex hormones on HPA and SNS reactivity to psychosocial stress. The reactivity, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test, was analyzed by measuring the levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase (markers for SNS activity) in four saliva samples each of 21 men and 37 women (17 not using oral contraceptives and in their luteal phase, and 20 women using oral contraceptives). In addition, basal sex hormones were sampled prior to the psychosocial stress exposure. Results revealed that controlling for testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone diminished the impact of stress on cortisol reactivity and on alpha-amylase reactivity. Moreover, controlling for sex hormones also diminished the differential pattern of cortisol reactivity in each experimental group among responders. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed differences between groups in the association between sex hormones and alpha-amylase. The present findings indicate a modulatory role for sex hormones in HPA and SNS reactivity and emphasize the need for control of sex hormone fluctuations when examining cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to stress.

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Stress-induced increases in progesterone and cortisol in naturally cycling women

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

Translational studies of estradiol and progesterone in fear and PTSD

Gonadal hormones modulate the HPA‐axis and the SNS in response to psychosocial stress

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