Stress Wave Tomography of Wood Internal Defects using Ellipse-Based Spatial Interpolation and Velocity Compensation

Du, Xiaochen; Li, Shaozhe; Li, Guanghui; Feng, Hailin; Chen, Shengyong

doi:10.15376/biores.10.3.3948-3962

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3). Thus, the edge routes had the smallest velocities, as was also observed by Socco et al (2004) and Du et al (2015). This is highlighted in the tomographic image in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…3. Du et al (2015) concluded that the relation of VT/VR varies with the angle between the tangential and radial directions and VT/VR is minimized at angles ± 75, which coincides with the external routes in the diffraction mesh. For the routes passing through knots, increases in the radial and tangential velocities were observed (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This software use velocities obtained on routes from diffraction mesh (Figure 1) interpolated using Ellipse-Based Spatial method proposed by Du et al (2015) to construct the image and also, automatically, calculated the minimum (VMIN) and maximum (VMAX) velocities measured in the disks along the different measurement routes. Using the range between VMIN and VMAX, velocity ranges associated with colors were manually adopted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interference from Knots, Wave Propagation Direction, and Effect of Juvenile and Reaction Wood on Velocities in Ultrasound Tomography

Palma¹,

Gonçalves²,

Trinca³

et al. 2018

BioResources

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Acoustic tomography is based on the velocity variation inside the inspected element. However, wood is heterogeneous and anisotropic, which causes natural velocity variations. In wood, the great challenge to apply this technology is to interpret and differentiate the natural variations of the material from those caused by deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the interference caused by knots, the wave propagation direction, and the effect of juvenile and reaction wood on the velocities determined via ultrasonic tomography. The tests were performed using 40 disks of Pinus elliottii. From the results it was concluded that intrinsic orthotropy of the wood was reflected in the wave propagation on the disks with radial velocities greater than the tangential ones, higher velocities in the knot zones, and different velocities in the zones of compression and opposition wood. In the measurements using the diffraction mesh, the edge velocities (tangential direction with the maximum angle from the radial direction) were always lower than all of the other velocities in the disk. More significant variations in the velocity were obtained in the juvenile wood. These results contribute to quantifying some interferences associated with tomography images, such that the misinterpretation can be minimized.

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“…3). Thus, the edge routes had the smallest velocities, as was also observed by Socco et al (2004) and Du et al (2015). This is highlighted in the tomographic image in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interference from Knots, Wave Propagation Direction, and Effect of Juvenile and Reaction Wood on Velocities in Ultrasound Tomography

Palma¹,

Gonçalves²,

Trinca³

et al. 2018

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the anisotropic property of wood, sound waves do not necessarily propagate in straight lines (Johnstone et al, 2010;Du et al, 2015). The sound wave velocity can be impacted by the number of annual rings, angles between the acoustic sensors and the deviation of the cross section from the horizontal plane.…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D reconstruction of internal wood decay using photogrammetry and sonic tomography

Zhang

Khoshelham

2020

The Photogrammetric Record

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Knowledge of deteriorations within tree trunks is critical for arborists to conduct individual tree health assessments. Sonic tree tomography, a non‐destructive technique using sound waves, has been widely used to estimate the size and shape of internal decay based on sound wave velocity variations. However, it has commonly been applied to 2D horizontal or vertical cross sections and its accuracy is questionable due to the poor approximation of the shape of the cross section. This paper proposes an integration of close‐range photogrammetry and sonic tomography to enable accurate reconstruction of the exterior and interior of the tree trunk in 3D. The internal wood quality is represented by the spatially interpolated sound wave velocities, using the time of flight of the sound waves and the coordinates of the acoustic sensors obtained from the photogrammetric model. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides a realistic 3D visualisation of the size, shape and location of the internal deteriorations.

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“…The proposed algorithm was based on an interpolation method that estimated the velocity values of unknown grid cells using the values of the surrounding cells. Du et al (2015) proposed a stress wave tomography method using ellipse-based spatial interpolation and velocity compensation. Their results showed that the proposed method performed well and can resist the signal interference caused by the density variation of the defective area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity Error Correction Based Tomographic Imaging for Stress Wave Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood

Huan¹,

Zhi²,

Li³

et al. 2018

BioResources

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Stress wave testing has been applied in the nondestructive evaluation of wood for many years. However, the anisotropy property of wood and the limited number of sensors prevent an accurate stress wave velocity measurement and the high resolution of tomographic inversion. This paper proposes a tomographic imaging algorithm (IABLE) with a velocity error correction mechanism. The proposed algorithm computed the wave velocity distribution of the grid cells of wood cross-sections by the least square QR decomposition (LSQR) iterative inversion, and then optimized the tomography with a velocity error correction mechanism (ECM). To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, several healthy and defective logs and live trees were selected as the experimental samples, and the nondestructive testing procedures were finished. With the stress wave velocity data sets measured via a PiCUS 3 stress wave testing instrument, the IABLE algorithm was implemented, and the tomographic images of the log samples and live trees were generated. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed imaging algorithm for the nondestructive evaluation of wood.

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Stress Wave Tomography of Wood Internal Defects using Ellipse-Based Spatial Interpolation and Velocity Compensation

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Interference from Knots, Wave Propagation Direction, and Effect of Juvenile and Reaction Wood on Velocities in Ultrasound Tomography

Interference from Knots, Wave Propagation Direction, and Effect of Juvenile and Reaction Wood on Velocities in Ultrasound Tomography

3D reconstruction of internal wood decay using photogrammetry and sonic tomography

Velocity Error Correction Based Tomographic Imaging for Stress Wave Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood

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