Strongly interacting dipolar-polaritons

Rosenberg, Itamar; Liran, Dror; Mazuz-Harpaz, Yotam; West, K. W.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; Rapaport, Ronen

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat8880

Cited by 75 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These experiments represent the culmination of decade long technological developments aimed at increasing U/γ through reducing the photonic mode area [17][18][19] as well as increasing the lifetime [20]. Recently, several possibilities have been explored for enhancing U through an increase of exciton-exciton interactions, focusing either on biexciton Feshbach resonance [21,22] or on excitons with a permanent dipole moment [23][24][25][26][27]. The experiments we report here reveal a hitherto unexplored mechanism for optical nonlinearity emerging for polaritonic excitations out of a two dimensional electron system (2DES) in the fractional quantum Hall (FQHE) regime.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime

Knüppel

Ravets

Kroner

et al. 2019

Nature

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These authors contributed equally to this work.Engineering strong interactions between optical photons is a great challenge for quantum science. Envisioned applications range from the realization of photonic gates for quantum information processing [1] to synthesis of photonic quantum materials for investigation of strongly-correlated drivendissipative systems [2]. Polaritonics, based on the strong coupling of photons to atomic or electronic excitations in an optical resonator, has emerged as a promising approach to implement those tasks [3]. Recent experiments demonstrated the onset of quantum correlations in the exciton-polariton system [4,5], showing that strong polariton blockade [6] could be achieved if interactions were an order of magnitude stronger. Here, we report time resolved four-wave mixing experiments on a two-dimensional electron system embedded in an optical cavity [7], demonstrating that polariton-polariton interactions are strongly enhanced when the electrons are initially in a fractional quantum Hall state. Our experiments indicate that in addition to strong correlations in the electronic ground state, exciton-electron interactions leading to the formation of polaron polaritons [8-11] play a key role in enhancing the nonlinear optical response. Besides potential applications in realization of strongly interacting photonic systems, our findings suggest that nonlinear optical measurements could provide information about fractional quantum Hall states that is not accessible in linear optical response.Polaritons have recently attracted considerable interest, motivated by the fact that their interactions can be engineered almost at will through the tunability of their matter component. For example, strongly interacting Rydberg polaritons have recently been obtained using the nonlinear behavior of Rydberg excitations in an ensemble of atoms [12], which led to the demonstration of Rydberg polariton blockade [13] where the presence of a single polariton in a well-delimited region of space prevents the resonant injection of other polaritons. In parallel, efforts are being made to realize polariton blockade in condensed matter systems that hold great potential for realizing compact and integrated synthetic quantum materials [3]. Exciton polaritons in semiconductor materials are part light part matter particles that arise from the strong coupling of a quantum well exciton and a cavity photon [14]. These photonic particles inherit a nonlinear behavior from exciton-exciton interactions [2,15,16]. For efficient blockade to be obtained, the nonlinearity U needs to be greater than the inverse lifetime γ of the polaritons [6]. Recent state-of-the art experiments based on photon correlation measurements in semi-integrated microcavities attained optimized values of the ratio U/γ 0.1 in a photonic dot with about 3 µm 2 area [4,5]. These experiments represent the culmination of decade long technological developments aimed at increasing U/γ through reducing the photonic mode area [17][18][19] as well as increasing t...

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime

Knüppel

Ravets

Kroner

et al. 2019

Nature

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“…Here the conductive ITO strip also forms a transparent top electrode through which voltage can be applied across the sample. In Fig.3(e) we plot three 16,20 PL measurements measured when exciting at a distance of 187µm from the grating-coupler while applying different values of voltage across the sample with respect to the n + doped substrate. The effect of the Stark red-shift, induced by the electric field, on the dispersion can be clearly seen.…”

Section: An Electrically-active Striploaded Polariton Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dual use of the ITO strip allows therefore to form fully guided modes of electrically polarized WG-polaritons, with electrical control over the polariton energy, dispersion, and interactions as has been recently demonstrated. 16,20…”

Section: An Electrically-active Striploaded Polariton Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Guided Electrically Controlled Exciton Polaritons

et al. 2018

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We demonstrate two types of waveguide structures which optically confine excitonpolaritons in two dimensions and act as polaritonic channels. We show a strong optical confinement in an etched rectangular waveguide, that significantly increases the propagation distance of the polaritons and allow to direct them in curved trajectories. Also, we show low-loss optical guiding over a record-high of hundreds of microns which is combined seamlessly with electrical control of the polaritons, in a strip waveguide formed by electrically conductive and optically transparent strips deposited on top of a planar waveguide. Both structures are scalable and easy to fabricate and offer new possibilities for designing complex polaritonic devices.

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“…For example, powerlaw spin interactions with tunable exponent 0 < α < 3 can be realized in arrays of laser-driven cold ions [42][43][44][45][46] or between atoms trapped in a photonic crystal waveguide [47-50]; dipolar-type 1/ 3 or van-der-Waals-type 1/ 6 couplings have been experimentally demonstrated with ground-state neutral atoms [51][52][53][54], Rydberg atoms [55-69], polar molecules [70-72] and nuclear spins [73]. In solid state materials, powerlaw hopping is of interest for, e.g., excitonic materials [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], while long-range 1/ coupling is found in helical Shiba chains [87,88], made of magnetic impurities on an s-wave superconductor. In many of these systems, disorder -in particles' positions, local energies, or coupling strengths -is an intrinsic feature, and understanding its effects on singleparticle and many-body localization remains a fundamental open question.For non-interacting models, it is generally expected that long-range hopping induces delocalization in the presence of disorder for α < d, while for α > d all wave-functions are exponentially localized [1,[89][90][91][92].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Algebraic localization from power-law couplings in disordered quantum wires

et al. 2019

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We analyze the effects of disorder on the correlation functions of one-dimensional quantum models of fermions and spins with long-range interactions that decay with distance as a power-law 1/ α . Using a combination of analytical and numerical results, we demonstrate that power-law interactions imply a longdistance algebraic decay of correlations within disordered-localized phases, for all exponents α. The exponent of algebraic decay depends only on α, and not, e.g., on the strength of disorder. We find a similar algebraic localization for wave-functions. These results are in contrast to expectations from short-range models and are of direct relevance for a variety of quantum mechanical systems in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics.Quantum waves are generally localized exponentially by disorder. Following the seminal work by Anderson with spinpolarized electrons [1] much experimental [2-8] and theoretical interest has been devoted to the study of localized phases and to the localization-delocalization transition for non-interacting and interacting quantum models [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].While most works have focused on short-range couplings, long-range hopping and interactions that decay with distance as a power-law 1/ α have recently attracted significant interest [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] as they can be now engineered in a variety of atomic, molecular and optical systems. For example, powerlaw spin interactions with tunable exponent 0 < α < 3 can be realized in arrays of laser-driven cold ions [42][43][44][45][46] or between atoms trapped in a photonic crystal waveguide [47-50]; dipolar-type 1/ 3 or van-der-Waals-type 1/ 6 couplings have been experimentally demonstrated with ground-state neutral atoms [51][52][53][54], Rydberg atoms [55-69], polar molecules [70-72] and nuclear spins [73]. In solid state materials, powerlaw hopping is of interest for, e.g., excitonic materials [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], while long-range 1/ coupling is found in helical Shiba chains [87,88], made of magnetic impurities on an s-wave superconductor. In many of these systems, disorder -in particles' positions, local energies, or coupling strengths -is an intrinsic feature, and understanding its effects on singleparticle and many-body localization remains a fundamental open question.For non-interacting models, it is generally expected that long-range hopping induces delocalization in the presence of disorder for α < d, while for α > d all wave-functions are exponentially localized [1,[89][90][91][92]. However, recent theoretical works with positional [93] and diagonal [92] disorder have demonstrated that localization can survive even for α < d. Surprisingly, wave-functions were found to be localized only algebraically in these models, in contrast to the usual Anderson-type exponential localization expected from shortrange models. How these finding translate to the behavior of * davide.vodola@gmail.com † pupillo@unistra.f...

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Strongly interacting dipolar-polaritons

Abstract: Strong electrical interactions between hybrid light-matter quasiparticles in semiconductors can lead to new quantum applications.

Cited by 75 publications

References 46 publications

Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime

Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime

Fully Guided Electrically Controlled Exciton Polaritons

Algebraic localization from power-law couplings in disordered quantum wires

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