Structural and phylogenetic implications of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ledra auditura

Abstract

We sequenced and annotated the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ledra auditura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among 47 species (including 2 outgroup species) on the basis of 3 datasets using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The complete L. auditura mitogenome (length, 16,094 bp) comprises 37 genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs], 1 control region, and 2 long non-coding regions. The first long non-coding region (length, 211 bp) is located between tRNA-I and tRNA-Q and the second region (length, 994 bp) between tRNA-S2 and ND1. All PCGs show ATN (Met/Ile) as their start codon and TAR as their stop codon. Except tRNA-S1 (AGN), which lacks the dihydrouridine arm, all tRNAs can fold into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The complete L. auditura mitogenome shows a base composition bias of 76.3% A + T (A = 29.9%, T = 46.4%, G = 13.3%, and C = 10.5%), negative AT skew of −0.22, and positive GC skew of 0.12. In ML and BI analyses, L. auditura was clustered with Evacanthus heimianus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) with strong branch support.

The Phylogenetic Implications of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Macropsis notata and Oncopsis nigrofasciata

“…This result supported that treehoppers were derived from paraphyletic Cicadellidae, which has been proven in previous studies (Dietrich et al, 2001(Dietrich et al, , 2017Zhao and Liang, 2016;Du et al, 2017a,b;Du Y. et al, 2019;Skinner et al, 2019). As previously reported by Wang et al (2019a) Ledrinae was found to be the sister group of all leafhoppers and treehoppers present in our trees. Unfortunately, the relationships of Macropsinae have not been fully resolved in this study.…”

“…The locations of two rRNA genes (16S rRNA and 12S rRNA) were determined by comparing the homologous sequences with previously published mitochondrial sequences for the members of Hemiptera in GenBank. Secondary structures of rRNA genes were predicted based on previously reported models (Wang et al, 2017a(Wang et al, , 2019a variable regions of the elements were predicted using DNASIS version 2.5 (Hitachi Engineering, Tokyo, Japan) and RNA Structure (v 5.2) (Reuter and Mathews, 2010). We calculated strand asymmetry using the formulas: AT skew = (A − T)/(A + T) and GC skew = (G − C)/(G + C) (Perna and Kocher, 1995).…”

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Drabescus ineffectus and Roxasellana stellata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) and Their Phylogenetic Implications

“…Our putative ingroup was recovered as monophyletic with respect to Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. The inferred relationships based on the PCG123 and AA datasets Iassinae + Coelidiinae are sister to a clade comprising Megophthalminae and treehoppers with moderate to high values, which is consistent with previous phylogenetic analyses [34,42,43]. For the PCG12R datasets, Iassinae + Coelidiinae and Deltocephalinae are grouped into a clade.…”

Characterization of Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Phylogenetic Analysis

“…The mtgenomes of P. chlorophana and T. sagittata were 14,927 bp and 14,918 bp long, respectively ( Figure 1 ). Among the four complete mitogenomes of Ledrinae, T. sagittata has the smallest mtgenome of 14,198 bp, while L. auditura contains the largest at 16,094 bp due to two long non-coding regions [ 30 ]. This finding was comparable to the sequence lengths found for other reported Ledrinae mtgenomes [ 8 , 30 ].…”