Structural depth profiling in polyethylene films by multiple internal reflection infra-red spectroscopy

Zerbi, G.; Gallino, Germana; Fanti, Natalino Del; Baini, L.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(89)90269-3

Cited by 159 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…19,20 However, in the FTIR/ATR spectrum of PE, these bands are too weak to be used for quantitative analysis. Recently, Zerby et al 21 proposed that the strong doublet at 1473/1463 cm Ϫ1 assigned to the CH 2 -bending vibration can be employed for the quantitative FTIR/ATR evaluation of the crystalline vs. amorphous content in the polymer. A similar The radiation dose effect on the transvinylene and unsaturation content in UHMWPE evaluated from FTIR/ATR data for the CAC absorbance at 965 (a) and 1640 cm Ϫ1 (b), respectively: (E) as-irradiated, and (ᮀ) subsequently heat-treated.…”

Section: Crystallinity Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface studies of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene irradiated with high-energy pulsed electron beams in air

Третинников

Fujita

Ogata

et al. 1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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Section: Crystallinity Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface studies of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene irradiated with high-energy pulsed electron beams in air

Третинников

Fujita

Ogata

et al. 1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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“…where I a and I b can be determined from the bands at either 1474 and 1464 cm ÿ1 or 730 and 720 cm ÿ1 , respectively [18]. Colom et al [19] examined the crystallinity changes of aspen fiber filled HDPE composites using the FTIR method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystallinity of HDPE was determined using the method described by Zerbi et al [18]. The doublet peaks observed at 1474-1464 cm ÿ1 and 730-720 cm ÿ1 correspond to polyethylene crystalline content (1474 and 730 cm ÿ1 ) and amorphous content (1464 and 720 cm ÿ1 ).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTIR spectroscopy has been used to monitor carbonyl group formation [9,11,12,[14][15][16][17], vinyl group formation [9,11,14], and changes in crystallinity [13,[18][19][20][21] of weathered polyethylene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has also been found useful to study the concentration of carbon to oxygen atoms of aged polyethylene [22,23] and wood-flour-filled polyvinyl chloride [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface chemistry changes of weathered HDPE/wood-flour composites studied by XPS and FTIR spectroscopy

Stark

Matuana

2004

Polymer Degradation and Stability

348

149

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The use of wood-derived fillers by the thermoplastic industry has been growing, fueled in part by the use of wood-fiberthermoplastic composites by the construction industry. As a result, the durability of wood-fiber-thermoplastic composites after ultraviolet exposure has become a concern. Samples of 100% high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE filled with 50% woodflour (WF) were weathered in a xenon arc-type accelerated weathering apparatus for 2000 h. Changes in surface chemistry were studied using spectroscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to verify the occurrence of surface oxidation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the development of degradation products, such as carbonyl groups and vinyl groups, and to determine changes in HDPE crystallinity. The results indicate that surface oxidation occurred immediately after exposure for both the neat HDPE and WF/HDPE composites; the surface of the WF/HDPE composites was oxidized to a greater extent than that of the neat HDPE. This suggests that the addition of WF to the HDPE matrix results in more weather-related damage. The results also show that while neat HDPE may undergo crosslinking in the initial stages of accelerated weathering, WF may physically hinder the ability of HDPE to crosslink, resulting in the potential for HDPE chain scission to dominate in the initial weathering stage.

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“…A study of the influence of the orientation angle of the peelings with respect to the incoming laser polarization showed significant variations of the 1440 cm -1 CH 2 bend, 1415 cm -1 orthorhombic CH 2 bend and 1130 cm -1 C-C stretch, all of which are sensitive to the orientation of polymer chains. By using ATR-FTIR, it is possible to measure the surface amorphous fraction [4,5], and therefore examine the difference of crystallinity between the two faces. Results show that the surface amorphous content is slightly higher (by 1-2%) on the shiny surface than on the mat one.…”

Section: General Observations On Peel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing HV XLPE cables by electrical, chemical and microstructural measurements on cable peeling: effects of surface roughness, thermal treatment and peeling location

Dissado

Fothergill

See

et al.

2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.00CH37132)

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractCharacterization of the electrical, chemical, and microstructural properties of high voltage cables was the first step of the European project "ARTEMIS", which has the aim of investigating degradation processes and constructing aging models for the diagnosis of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables. Cables produced by two different manufacturers were subjected to a large number of electrical, micro-structural, and chemical characterizations, using cable peelings, instead of lengths of whole cables, as specimens for the measurements. Here the effect of surface deformation and roughness due to peeling and the relevance and significance of thermal pre-treatment prior to electrical and other measurements is discussed. Special emphasis is put on space charge, conduction current and luminescence measurements. We also consider the dependence of these properties on the spatial position of the specimen within the cable. It is shown that even though the two faces of the cable peel specimens have different roughness, the low-field electrical properties seem quite insensitive to surface roughness, while significant differences are detectable at high fields. Thermal pre-treatment is required to stabilize the insulating material to enable us to obtain reproducible results and reliable inter-comparisons throughout the whole project. The spatial position of the specimens along the cable radius can also have a non-negligible influence on the measured properties, due to differential microstructure and chemical composition. IntroductionThe two HV cables investigated were insulated by XLPE produced using extra-clean materials and processes. The insulation thickness was 14 mm. The project started with the initial characterization of cable insulation, in order to constitute the reference for electrical, micro-structural, and chemical properties needed to single out aging markers on the basis of the property evolution with aging time. The first problems that were faced were the choice of the specimens to be used and the kind of pre-treatment necessary in order to have reproducible results. The choice made for the specimens posed a very delicate problem. Most of the measurements could not be carried out (or would have been much more expensive) on full-size cables. The use of small-size model cables does not seem to solve the problem, since they could not be realized with the same manufacturing conditions as full-size cables, and thus could be unrepresentative of the real cable behavior. For the same reason, use of insulation plaques by compres-

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Structural depth profiling in polyethylene films by multiple internal reflection infra-red spectroscopy

Cited by 159 publications

References 5 publications

Surface studies of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene irradiated with high-energy pulsed electron beams in air

Surface studies of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene irradiated with high-energy pulsed electron beams in air

Surface chemistry changes of weathered HDPE/wood-flour composites studied by XPS and FTIR spectroscopy

Characterizing HV XLPE cables by electrical, chemical and microstructural measurements on cable peeling: effects of surface roughness, thermal treatment and peeling location

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