Structural, electrochemical and optical comparisons of tungsten oxide coatings derived from tungsten powder-based sols

Structural and mechanical properties of nanostructured tungsten oxide thin films

“…12 For most of these applications, thin films of WO 3 with nanometre thickness are usually deposited onto glass or polymeric substrates. A variety of conventional deposition methods have been used to prepare WO 3 films, such as dc or radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering, 4,5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] sol-gel methods, 6,20,21 plasma spraying method, 7 chemical vapour deposition methods, 11,22,23 electron beam evaporation, 24,25 thermal evaporation 12,14 and hydrothermal methods. 2 Sputter deposition technique is popular to produce adherent and uniform film over wide areas with better stoichiometric control.…”

Effects of Ti-doping amount and annealing temperature on electrochromic performance of sol–gel derived WO3

“…23,24 Accordingly, the fine control over the crystallinity of electrochromic materials is of paramount importance to simultaneously improve the electrochromic properties and long-term stability. 18–20,25 In this regard, various techniques have been attempted including sol–gel, 26–29 sputtering, 30,31 physical vapor deposition (PVD), 32 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 33 and electrodeposition. 34 Among them, the sol–gel method has been considered as one of most economical routes to deposit a uniform and large area electrochromic film.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Thin Films

“…Many methods have been reported for the synthesis of WO3 nanostructures, such as sputtering (Garg et al 2005), chemical vapor deposition (Joraid, 2009), pulsed spray pyrolysis (Patil et al, 2005), sol-gel route (Işık et al, 2009) and Spin Coating Technique (Çırak et al, 2006). Riech et al (2013) have proposed the synthesis of WO3 thin films by using a sol gel spin coating deposition method .…”