Structural modifications of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) crown in relation to environmental conditions

Kostina, M. V.; Barabanshikova, N. S.; Bityugova, G. V.; Yasinskaya, O. I.; Dubach, A. M.

doi:10.1134/s1995425515050091

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, we calculated the external surfaces of their crowns. The age-related changes in the architecture of birch branches and the location of male catkins at terminal positions of a long shoot cause most of the male catkins to be within the external surface of the crown [77]. In this case, the external surface of a tree can act as a pollen emission surface.…”

Section: Vertical Dimension Of the Pollen Inventory-the Use Of Lidar mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

Bogawski

Grewling

Dziób

et al. 2019

Forests

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Birch trees are abundant in central and northern Europe and are dominant trees in broadleaved forests. Birches are pioneer trees that produce large quantities of allergenic pollen efficiently dispersed by wind. The pollen load level depends on the sizes and locations of pollen sources, which are important for pollen forecasting models; however, very limited work has been done on this topic in comparison to research on anthropogenic air pollutants. Therefore, we used highly accurate aerial laser scanning (Light Detection and Ranging—LiDAR) data to estimate the size and location of birch pollen sources in 3-dimensional space and to determine their influence on the pollen concentration in Poznań, Poland. LiDAR data were acquired in May 2012. LiDAR point clouds were clipped to birch individuals (mapped in 2012–2014 and in 2019), normalised, filtered, and individual tree crowns higher than 5 m were delineated. Then, the crown surface and volume were calculated and aggregated according to wind direction up to 2 km from the pollen trap. Consistent with LIDAR data, hourly airborne pollen measurements (performed using a Hirst-type, 7-day volumetric trap), wind speed and direction data were obtained in April 2012. We delineated 18,740 birch trees, with an average density of 14.9/0.01 km2, in the study area. The total birch crown surface in the 500–1500 m buffer from the pollen trap was significantly correlated with the pollen concentration aggregated by the wind direction (r = 0.728, p = 0.04). The individual tree crown delineation performed well (r2 ≥ 0.89), but overestimations were observed at high birch densities (> 30 trees/plot). We showed that trees outside forests substantially contribute to the total pollen pool. We suggest that including the vertical dimension and the trees outside the forest in pollen source maps have the potential to improve the quality of pollen forecasting models.

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Section: Vertical Dimension Of the Pollen Inventory-the Use Of Lidar mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

Bogawski

Grewling

Dziób

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…In T. betulina-infected B. maximowicziana leaves, reduced photosynthesis and dark respiration, chlorosis and leaf loss were reported (Koike and Tanaka, 1986). The presence of witches' brooms in birch trees was shown to cause rapid death of the branches where they form and to negatively alter crown architecture (Kostina et al, 2015). Consequently, this disease may result in production losses under short rotation forestry programs (McKay, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Taphrina strains from the phyllosphere of birch exhibiting a range of witches' broom disease symptoms

Christita

Sipilä

Auzane

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary The phyllosphere is an important microbial habitat and reservoir of organisms that modify plant health. Taphrina betulina is the causal agent of birch witches' broom disease. Taphrina species are dimorphic, infecting hosts in the filamentous form and residing in the host phyllosphere as non‐infectious yeast. As such, they are expected to be found as resident yeasts on their hosts, even on healthy tissues; however, there is little experimental data supporting this supposition. With the aim of exploring the local infection ecology of T. betulina, we isolated yeasts from the phyllosphere of birch leaves, using three sample classes; infected leaves inside symptom‐bearing branches, healthy leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐bearing trees and leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐free trees. Isolations yielded 224 yeast strains, representing 11 taxa, including T. betulina, which was the most common isolate and was found in all sample classes, including symptom‐free samples. Genotyping revealed genetic diversity among these T. betulina isolates, with seven distinct genotypes differentiated by the markers used. Twenty‐two representative T. betulina strains were selected for further study, revealing further phenotypic differences. These findings support that T. betulina is ubiquitous on birch and that individual trees host a diversity of T. betulina strains.

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“…Within the framework of this direction, a methodological basis for the description of architectural models and architectural units in plants has been developed [1,2]. Currently, this approach opens up wide prospects for understanding the morphological mechanisms of adaptation of species to different growing conditions, the spatial location of plants, as well as modeling scenarios of environmental impact on plant structure [3,4,5]. The study of the architecture of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs from these positions was practically not carried out [6,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Architecture of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs of the genus of Thymus L. and Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae)

2021

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The structure of 24 species of Thymus and 12 species of Scutellaria was studied using the architectural approach. For the first time, an architectural unit was described, it is a branched sympodial axis. The architectural unit consists of sympodial axes n+1 order, formation shoots, branching shoots, ephemerous shoots. The wide distribution of species and development of species in contrasting habitat conditions is due to the diversity of sympodial axes and shoots that are part of the architectural unit. Depending on the type of branching and the spatial position of sympodial axes, six modifications of architectural unit were identified. It is established that the structure of mature individuals are formed due to the repetition one of the same modification of architectural unit or a combination different modifications of architectural unit. Each of the variants of the combination determines the type of life form (dwarf shrub or dwarf subshrub) and biomorph (monocentric, dense polycentric, sparse polycentric) and depends on the conditions of the ecotope. The identified modifications of the architectural unit and the variants of their combination determine the strategy for the development of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs in the development of Northern and Central Asia.

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Structural modifications of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) crown in relation to environmental conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

Distinct Taphrina strains from the phyllosphere of birch exhibiting a range of witches' broom disease symptoms

Architecture of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs of the genus of Thymus L. and Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae)

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