Structural production layer decomposition: a new method to measure differences between MRIO databases for footprint assessments

Wieland, Hanspeter; Giljum, Stefan; Brückner, Martin; Owen, Anne; Wood, Richard

doi:10.1080/09535314.2017.1350831

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…China stands out as the country with the strongest deviations. While Owen () and Wieland and colleagues () made comparisons for one base year only—that differed between studies—given the fact that their results converge, we have no reason to assume that these conclusions would change if the analyses would be done for different base years.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Owen () and Wieland and colleagues () did a pair‐wise comparison of the factors that contributed most to the differences in calculated carbon footprints of nation between various GMRIOs. Both studies converted the GMRIOs into a common sector and country classification (the common classification).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owen () used techniques such as difference statistics, structural decomposition analysis, and structural path decomposition analysis to highlight which part of the GMRIO matrices contributed most to differences in country footprints. Wieland and colleagues () applied structural production layer decomposition for this purpose, using a harmonized environmental stressor in order to only pick up the differences due to economic data. Figures and show their respective results.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for 2011 (adapted from Wieland et al. ). EU = European Union; GMRIO = Global multiregional input‐output database.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Owen and Wieland and colleagues further agree that the domestic block of the A matrix is contributing higher absolute differences in the carbon footprint compared to the trade block (see figure ). Wieland and colleagues () further revealed that for non‐EU (European Union) countries, export blocks are more important compared to import blocks, whereas it is the other way around for EU countries, which show larger deviations in their import blocks. This result could be expected given that the EU countries are generally net importers of embodied GHG emissions.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

Tukker

Koning

Owen

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryGlobal multiregional input-output databases (GMRIOs) became the standard tool for tracking environmental impacts through global supply chains. To date, several GMRIOs are available, but the numerical results differ. This paper considers how GMRIOs can be made more robust and authoritative. We show that GMRIOs need detail in environmentally relevant sectors. On the basis of a review of earlier work, we conclude that the highest uncertainty in footprint analyses is caused by the environmental data used in a GMRIO, followed by the size of country measured in gross domestic product (GDP) as fraction of the global total, the structure of the national table, and only at the end the structure of trade. We suggest the following to enhance robustness of results. In the short term, we recommend using the Single country National Accounts Consistent footprint approach, that uses official data for extensions and the national table for the country in question, combined with embodiments in imports calculated using a GMRIO. In a time period of 2 to 3 years, we propose work on harmonized environmental data for water, carbon, materials, and land, and use the aggregated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Inter-Country Input-Output GMRIO as default in combination with detailing procedures developed in, for example, the EXIOBASE and Eora projects. In the long term, solutions should be coordinated by the international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) Statistical Division, OECD, and Eurostat. This could ensure that when input-output tables and trade data of individual countries are combined, that the global totals are consistent and that bilateral trade asymmetries are resolved. Keywords:embodiments in trade footprints impact assessment industrial ecology input-output analysis (IOA) statistical offices Conflict of interest statement:The authors have no conflict to declare.

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Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for 2011 (adapted from Wieland et al. ). EU = European Union; GMRIO = Global multiregional input‐output database.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

Tukker

Koning

Owen

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

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An environmentally extended global multi-regional input–output analysis of consumption-based and embodied import-based carbon emissions of Turkey

Mangır

Şahin

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Understanding the consumption-based accounting (CBA), production-based accounting (PBA), and emissions embodied in trade is an important prerequisite for designing climate mitigation policies. Environmentally extended input–output (EEIO) models have been developed to evaluate the linkages between economic activities and environmental impacts as well as the embodied emissions in goods and services that are traded between countries. In this study, an environmentally extended global multi-regional input–output (EE GMRIO) analysis is performed to calculate Turkey’s CBA emissions and import-based embodied emissions for the year 2015 using the Eora26 database, which is a simplified version of the Eora database adapted to 26 economic sectors. The key sectors and sectoral carbon intensities of countries are determined in terms of embodied emissions in imports for household consumption. Our results indicate that Turkey was a net importer of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2015 and about 10% of total emissions of the final consumption in Turkey have occurred in other countries. The dominant contributing sectors to a nation’s GHG emissions can be quite different for the CBA and PBA approaches and the efforts to reduce GHG emissions requires a holistic approach. Import-based household emissions are assessed in terms of countries, sector and GHG intensities. Our results indicate that Turkey was a net importer of GHG emissions in 2015 with its approximately 10% of the total and 7.7% of household final consumption emissions having occurred in other countries. This also suggests that imported goods and services for household consumption have been produced in those countries with relatively low emission intensities. Considering Turkey’s emissions reduction targets, these results provide methodological benefits that will enhance national efforts by giving invaluable inputs about the emission intensity of imported and exported goods and better guidance to policy makers about future strategies for low-carbon manufacturing and shifting consumption patterns.

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Greenhouse gas emissions due to national product consumption: from demand and research gaps to addressing key challenges

Windsperger

Bird

et al. 2018

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Structural production layer decomposition: a new method to measure differences between MRIO databases for footprint assessments

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

An environmentally extended global multi-regional input–output analysis of consumption-based and embodied import-based carbon emissions of Turkey

Greenhouse gas emissions due to national product consumption: from demand and research gaps to addressing key challenges

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