Structural Properties of Immature Canine Bone

Torzilli, Peter A.; Takebe, K.; Burstein, Albert H.; Heiple, Kingsbury G.

doi:10.1115/1.3138286

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Yield was defined as a 10% reduction in secant stiffness relative to the initial tangent stiffness [24]. The following parameters were calculated: bending stiffness (EI), failure moment (M fail ), displacements at yield (D yield ) and failure (D fail ), and post-yield displacement (D fail - D yield ) [25, 26]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Mineral to Bone Structural Behavior and Tissue Mechanical Properties

et al. 2010

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Bone geometry and tissue material properties jointly govern whole-bone structural behavior. While the role of geometry in structural behavior is well characterized, the contribution of the tissue material properties is less clear, partially due to the multiple tissue constituents and hierarchical levels at which these properties can be characterized. Our objective was to elucidate the contribution of the mineral phase to bone mechanical properties across multiple length scales, from the tissue material level to the structural level. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency in 6-week-old male rats was employed as a model of reduced mineral content with minimal collagen changes. The structural properties of the humeri were measured in three-point bending and related to the mineral content and geometry from microcomputed tomography. Whole-cortex and local bone tissue properties were examined with infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation, to understand the role of altered mineral content on the constituent material behavior. Structural stiffness (-47%) and strength (-50%) were reduced in vitamin D-deficient (-D) humeri relative to controls. Moment of inertia (-38%), tissue mineral density (TMD, -9%), periosteal mineralization (-28%), and IR mineral:matrix ratio (-19%) were reduced in -D cortices. Thus, both decreased tissue mineral content and changes in cortical geometry contributed to impaired skeletal load bearing function. In fact, 97% of the variability in humeral strength was explained by moment of inertia, TMD, and IR mineral:matrix ratio. The strong relationships between structural properties and cortical material composition demonstrate a critical role of the microscale material behavior in skeletal load-bearing performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Mineral to Bone Structural Behavior and Tissue Mechanical Properties

et al. 2010

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“…Several factors make it difficult to characterize woven bone: it is often mixed with other types of bone [e.g., in fibrolamellar (also called plexiform) bone, which is a mix of woven and lamellar bone 20 ] or with cartilage (e.g., in a fracture callus 19 ); it is usually a temporary tissue associated with a high rate of turnover; its microstructure and organization are highly variable. In one of the few studies from which woven bone properties can be estimated, Torzilli et al 21,22 tested cortical bone from skeletally immature dogs. They reported values of elastic modulus of 0.5-1.0 GPa at 1-6 weeks age, when the histological appearance was primarily woven bone; from 6-24 weeks the woven bone was replaced with osteonal and circumferential lamellar bone and the modulus increased progressively to its mature value of &10 GPa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone formation after damaging in vivo fatigue loading results in recovery of whole‐bone monotonic strength and increased fatigue life

Silva¹,

Touhey²

2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Bone has a remarkable capacity for self-repair. We previously reported a woven bone response after damaging in vivo fatigue loading of the rat ulna that led to a rapid recovery of wholebone strength. In the current study we asked: does the bone response in the 12 days after damaging fatigue loading result in a bone that has normal fatigue properties? The right forelimbs of 52 adult rats were subjected to a single bout of in vivo fatigue loading. Nonloaded left forelimbs were used as controls. Ulnar geometric properties were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and ex vivo mechanical properties were assessed by three-point bending. On day 0, ulnae from loaded forelimbs had a 15-20% reduction in stiffness and ultimate force versus controls (p < 0.10), indicative of structural damage. On day 12, bone area at the midshaft was increased by 27% (p < 0.001) and microCT scans revealed periosteal woven bone at this site. This bone response led to a recovery of the monotonic properties of loaded ulnae at day 12 versus control (stiffness, p ¼ 0.73; ultimate force, p ¼ 0.96). Importantly, fatigue testing ex vivo at day 12 demonstrated significantly greater fatigue life in in vivo loaded ulnae versus controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, the slope of the fatigue-life curve was significantly less in loaded versus control ulnae (p < 0.002). We conclude that woven bone ''repair'' of a bone damaged by fatigue loading restores whole-bone strength and enhances resistance to further damage by repetitive loading. ß

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“…The pig femurs were obtained from skeletally mature animals and the dog femurs were obtained from mongrel dogs that were at least 29 weeks old at the time of sacrifice. Although the dogs may not have been skeletally mature, the material and structural properties of dog long bones do not change significantly after the age of 24 weeks (Torzilli et al 1981, Torzilli et al 1982. The embalmed human femurs were obtained from anatomy specimens having a mean age of 77 (63-92) years at the time of death.…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DXA-derived section modulus and bone mineral content predict long-bone torsional strength

Sarin

Polefka

Beaupré

et al. 1999

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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Structural Properties of Immature Canine Bone

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Contribution of Mineral to Bone Structural Behavior and Tissue Mechanical Properties

Contribution of Mineral to Bone Structural Behavior and Tissue Mechanical Properties

Bone formation after damaging in vivo fatigue loading results in recovery of whole‐bone monotonic strength and increased fatigue life

DXA-derived section modulus and bone mineral content predict long-bone torsional strength

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