Structure and electrical resistivity of individual carbonised natural and man-made cellulose fibres

Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang; Czabany, Ivana; Unterweger, Christoph; Gierlinger, Notburga; Xiao, Nannan; Bodner, Sabine C.; Kečkéš, Jozef

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04743-y

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Another publication [ 17 ] showed the coating of wood with a thin conductive copper nanowire to conduct electricity on the surface of wood. Moreover, it is possible to carbonize biomass to generate conductive fibres to produce conductive composites [ 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, it is possible to create a conductive surface of wood by graphitization of the surface using laser technology [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type

2023

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Electronics in furniture and construction materials, in particular technologies which allow for a flexible and cable-free connection of electronics in such materials, are gaining broader interest. This study shows a further development of a concept to obtain highly conductive medium-density fibreboard panels (MDF) for furniture application. MDF were produced using two mixing processes (wet and dry) for wood and carbon fibres to investigate the effects of resin type (urea formaldehyde (UF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI)) and carbon fibre content on their mechanical, physical, and electrical properties. Overall, wet mixed fibres showed better electrical but reduced mechanical properties. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) values of 3500 MPa and 35 MPa, respectively, and internal bond (IB) values of 0.45 to 0.65 MPa with electrical conductivities of up to 230 S/m were achieved. The technology has been successfully implemented in a demonstration object showing the application in a small piece of furniture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type

2023

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“…The lowest demonstrated sheet resistance obtained through this method was 6.5 Ω sq –1 , which is the lowest reported sheet resistance to date for laser-reduced synthetic polymers with single-lasing. In terms of resistivity, the materials appear to have 2–3 orders of magnitude higher resistivity than dense, bulk PAN carbon fibers. , However, we note the advantage of the porosity for mass transport in addition to the fact that electrolyte resistance is likely to dominate in such resistance regimes. Thus, we proceeded to test the electrochemical properties of the porous laser-reduced PAN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In terms of resistivity, the materials appear to have 2−3 orders of magnitude higher resistivity than dense, bulk PAN carbon fibers. 31,32 However, we note the advantage of the porosity for mass transport in addition to the fact that electrolyte resistance is likely to dominate in such resistance regimes. Thus, we proceeded to test the electrochemical properties of the porous laser-reduced PAN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bayesian-Optimization-Assisted Laser Reduction of Poly(acrylonitrile) for Electrochemical Applications

Patil¹,

Wan²,

Gong³

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Laser reduction of polymers has recently been explored to rapidly and inexpensively synthesize high-quality graphitic and carbonaceous materials. However, in past work, laser-induced graphene has been restricted to semiaromatic polymers and graphene oxide; in particular, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) is claimed to be a polymer that cannot be laser-reduced successfully to form electrochemically active material. In this work, three strategies to surmount this barrier are employed: (1) thermal stabilization of PAN to increase its sp 2 content for improved laser processability, (2) prelaser treatment microstructuring to reduce the effects of thermal stresses, and (3) Bayesian optimization to search the parameter space of laser processing to improve performance and discover morphologies. Based on these approaches, we successfully synthesize laser-reduced PAN with a low sheet resistance (6.5 Ω sq −1 ) in a single lasing step. The resulting materials are tested electrochemically, and their applicability as membrane electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries is demonstrated. This work demonstrates electrodes that are processed in air, below 300 °C, which are cycled stably over 2 weeks at 40 mA cm −2 , motivating further development of laser reduction of porous polymers for membrane electrode applications such as RFBs.

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“…After carbonization at 1000 °C, the inherent free shrinkage in the longitudinal fiber direction was estimated to be 22%, which is comparable to the free shrinkage reported for carbonized melt-spun lignin fibers and man-made cellulose fibers. 35 , 36 The inherent shrinkage was greater than the relative stretch (−10%), suggesting that the fibers were effectively stretched during conversion. The fibers could withstand a relative stretch of up to 50% in the low-temperature carbonization step, but as these experiments were controlled by relative speed instead of fiber tension, filament breaks occurred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Stabilization and Carbonization of a Lignin–Cellulose Precursor to Carbon Fiber

Bengtsson

Jedvert

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The demand for carbon fibers (CFs) based on renewable raw materials as the reinforcing fiber in composites for lightweight applications is growing. Lignin–cellulose precursor fibers (PFs) are a promising alternative, but so far, there is limited knowledge of how to continuously convert these PFs under industrial-like conditions into CFs. Continuous conversion is vital for the industrial production of CFs. In this work, we have compared the continuous conversion of lignin–cellulose PFs (50 wt % softwood kraft lignin and 50 wt % dissolving-grade kraft pulp) with batchwise conversion. The PFs were successfully stabilized and carbonized continuously over a total time of 1.0–1.5 h, comparable to the industrial production of CFs from polyacrylonitrile. CFs derived continuously at 1000 °C with a relative stretch of −10% (fiber contraction) had a conversion yield of 29 wt %, a diameter of 12–15 μm, a Young’s modulus of 46–51 GPa, and a tensile strength of 710–920 MPa. In comparison, CFs obtained at 1000 °C via batchwise conversion (12–15 μm diameter) with a relative stretch of 0% and a conversion time of 7 h (due to the low heating and cooling rates) had a higher conversion yield of 34 wt %, a higher Young’s modulus (63–67 GPa) but a similar tensile strength (800–920 MPa). This suggests that the Young’s modulus can be improved by the optimization of the fiber tension, residence time, and temperature profile during continuous conversion, while a higher tensile strength can be achieved by reducing the fiber diameter as it minimizes the risk of critical defects.

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Structure and electrical resistivity of individual carbonised natural and man-made cellulose fibres

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type

Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type

Bayesian-Optimization-Assisted Laser Reduction of Poly(acrylonitrile) for Electrochemical Applications

Continuous Stabilization and Carbonization of a Lignin–Cellulose Precursor to Carbon Fiber

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