Structure and expression of AtS1, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene homologous to the S-locus related genes of Brassica

Dwyer, Kathleen G.; Lalonde, Beth A.; Nasrallah, June B.; Nasrallah, Mikhail E.

doi:10.1007/bf00292714

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, several genes or homologs of genes previously shown to be expressed specifically in subsets of pistil cells were correctly assigned in this study. Thus, the stigma dataset contained probable orthologs of Brassica papillar cell-specific genes, including At3g12000 (AtS1), At2g33850 (Brassica Pis63-1), At2g47550 (Brassica PPme), and At5g61790 (Brassica Pcnx; Dwyer et al, 1992;Robert et al, 1994;Kang and Nasrallah, 2001). The ovary dataset contained At1g72290, a gene previously identified as expressed specifically in the transmitting tract (Scutt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Validation Of Microarray Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Expressed in Arabidopsis Pistils Specifically along the Path of Pollen Tube Growth

et al. 2005

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Plant reproductive development is dependent on successful pollen-pistil interactions. In crucifers, the pollen tube must breach the stigma surface and burrow through the extracellular matrix of the stigma epidermal cells and transmitting tract cells before reaching its ovule targets. The high degree of specificity in pollen-pistil interactions and the precision of directional pollen tube growth suggest that signals are continually being exchanged between pollen/pollen tubes and cells of the pistil that line their path. However, with few exceptions, little is known about the genes that control these interactions. The specialized functions of stigma epidermal cells and transmitting tract cells are likely to depend on the activity of genes expressed specifically in these cells. In order to identify these genes, we used the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ATH1 microarray to compare the whole-genome transcriptional profiles of stigmas and ovaries isolated from wild-type Arabidopsis and from transgenic plants in which cells of the stigma epidermis and transmitting tract were specifically ablated by expression of a cellular toxin. Among the 23,000 genes represented on the array, we identified 115 and 34 genes predicted to be expressed specifically in the stigma epidermis and transmitting tract, respectively. Both gene sets were significantly enriched in predicted secreted proteins, including potential signaling components and proteins that might contribute to reinforcing, modifying, or remodeling the structure of the extracellular matrix during pollination. The possible role of these genes in compatible and incompatible pollen-pistil interactions is discussed.

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Section: Validation Of Microarray Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Expressed in Arabidopsis Pistils Specifically along the Path of Pollen Tube Growth

et al. 2005

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“…This result indicates that in Arabidopsis, the SI recognition genes were either deleted from the genome or displaced to another chromosomal location. As stated earlier, four genes have been isolated from Arabidopsis by hybridization with SLG and SRK probes (Dwyer et al, 1992(Dwyer et al, , 1994Tobias et al, 1992), none of which maps to the S locus homeologous region described in this study. Among these four genes, the SRK-like genes ARK1, ARK2, and ARK3 are not expressed in stigmas or anthers and are likely to be orthologous to some of several vegetatively expressed SRK-like genes from Brassica (Kumar and Trick, 1994;Pastuglia et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 77%

“…Among these four genes, the SRK-like genes ARK1, ARK2, and ARK3 are not expressed in stigmas or anthers and are likely to be orthologous to some of several vegetatively expressed SRK-like genes from Brassica (Kumar and Trick, 1994;Pastuglia et al, 1997). Only the Arabidopsis AtS1 gene, which codes for a secreted glycoprotein, is expressed specifically in stigmatic papillar cells and thus potentially functions in pollen-stigma interactions (Dwyer et al, 1992(Dwyer et al, , 1994. However, based on immunological and sequence relatedness, AtS1 appears to be the ortholog of SLR1, a papillar cell-specific Brassica gene that is unlinked to the S locus (Lalonde et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a region of the Arabidopsis genome that showed synteny to linkage groups 1 and 6 of B. oleracea in a previous comparative mapping study (Kowalski et al, 1994). This chromosomal location is distinct from the map positions of members of the Arabidopsis S gene family that were isolated by hybridization with Brassica SLG and SRK probes (Dwyer et al, 1992(Dwyer et al, , 1994Tobias et al, 1992). Based on mapping with the recombinant inbred lines, only ARK1 and ARK2 , two closely linked and vegetatively expressed genes, were found to be located on chromosome 1 (Tobias, 1995) but ‫ف‬ 1 centimorgan (cM) away from the S locus homeologous region.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Comparative Mapping of the Brassica S Locus Region and Its Homeolog in Arabidopsis: Implications for the Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae

Conner

Nasrallah

et al. 1998

Plant Cell

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The crucifer family includes self-incompatible genera, such as Brassica , and self-fertile genera, such as Arabidopsis. To gain insight into mechanisms underlying the evolution of mating systems in this family, we used a selective comparative mapping approach between Brassica campestris plants homozygous for the S 8 haplotype and Arabidopsis. Starting with markers flanking the self-incompatibility genes in Brassica , we identified the homeologous region in Arabidopsis as a previously uncharacterized segment of chromosome 1 in the immediate vicinity of the ethylene response gene ETR1 . A total of 26 genomic and 21 cDNA markers derived from Arabidopsis yeast artificial and bacterial artificial chromosome clones were used to analyze this region in the two genomes. Approximately half of the cDNAs isolated from the region represent novel expressed sequence tags that do not match entries in the DNA and protein databases. The physical maps that we derived by using these markers as well as markers isolated from bacteriophage clones spanning the S 8 haplotype revealed a high degree of synteny at the submegabase scale between the two homeologous regions. However, no sequences similar to the Brassica S locus genes that are known to be required for the self-incompatibility response were detected within this interval or other regions of the Arabidopsis genome. This observation is consistent with deletion of self-recognition genes as a mechanism for the evolution of autogamy in the Arabidopsis lineage. INTRODUCTIONThe crucifer family (Brassicaceae) is well suited for the study of the evolution of plant mating systems. It includes self-fertilizing species, such as members of the genus Arabidopsis , as well as outcrossing species, such as members of the genus Brassica , in which self-pollination is prevented by a selfincompatibility (SI) system. In this family, SI is controlled genetically by haplotypes of a multifunctional gene complex, the S locus, which may span several hundred kilobases of DNA (Boyes et al., 1997). Among the genes contained at the locus are two highly polymorphic genes that encode proteins expressed specifically in the epidermal cells of the stigma, which is a structure at the tip of the female reproductive organ that is specialized for capturing and interacting with pollen. The two genes encode the cell wall-localized S locus glycoprotein (SLG) and the plasma membrane-spanning receptor protein kinase SRK ( S locus receptor kinase). The predicted extracellular domain of the SRK shares extensive sequence similarity with the SLG (reviewed in Nasrallah and Nasrallah, 1993;Nasrallah et al., 1994b).The SLG and SRK cell surface receptors fulfill an SI-specific function because plants carrying mutations that disrupt or downregulate the SLG and SRK genes are self-fertile (M.E. Nasrallah et al., 1992;Goring et al., 1993;J.B. Nasrallah et al., 1994a;Conner et al., 1997). In addition to the stigmatic SLG and SRK genes, the S locus complex is thought to encode at least one gene required for the SI phenotype in pollen. ...

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“…The SaSb pistil library was initially screened at low stringency with a mixture of Brassica S domain probes derived from several class I and class II SLG genes and an A. thaliana probe derived from the S locusrelated gene AtS1 (Dwyer et al, 1992). Positive clones that also contained kinase sequences were identified by hybridization with a kinase domain probe derived from the Brassica SRK6 gene.…”

Section: Construction and Screening Of Cdna Librariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

Kusaba¹,

Dwyer²,

Hendershot³

et al. 2001

The Plant Cell

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As a starting point for a phylogenetic study of self-incompatibility (SI) in crucifers and to elucidate the genetic basis of transitions between outcrossing and self-fertilizing mating systems in this family, we investigated the SI system of Arabidopsis lyrata . A. lyrata is an outcrossing close relative of the self-fertile A. thaliana and is thought to have diverged from A. thaliana ‫ف‬ 5 million years ago and from Brassica spp 15 to 20 million years ago. Analysis of two S (sterility) locus haplotypes demonstrates that the A. lyrata S locus contains tightly linked orthologs of the S locus receptor kinase ( SRK ) gene and the S locus cysteine-rich protein ( SCR ) gene, which are the determinants of SI specificity in stigma and pollen, respectively, but lacks an S locus glycoprotein gene. As described previously in Brassica , the S haplotypes of A. lyrata differ by the rearranged order of their genes and by their variable physical sizes. Comparative mapping of the A. lyrata and Brassica S loci indicates that the S locus of crucifers is a dynamic locus that has undergone several duplication events since the Arabidopsis-Brassica split and was translocated as a unit between two distant chromosomal locations during diversification of the two taxa. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the S locus region of A. lyrata and its homeolog in self-fertile A. thaliana identified orthologs of the SRK and SCR genes and demonstrated that self-compatibility in this species is associated with inactivation of SI specificity genes. INTRODUCTIONSelf-incompatibility (SI) is the major outcrossing mechanism in the family Brassicaceae (de Nettancourt, 1977). Species in this family have been grouped into 19 tribes on the basis of morphological criteria (Schultz, 1936), and SI has been described in all tribes analyzed to date. When Bateman (1955) surveyed 182 species distributed in 11 tribes, he found that approximately half of these species included selfincompatible accessions. In a survey of 59 taxa in the subtribe Brassicineae of the tribe Brassiceae (which includes Brassica and Raphanus ), 50 taxa were self-incompatible (Takahata and Hinata, 1980). In all cases analyzed, SI has been shown to be controlled sporophytically by a single S (sterility) locus, with multiple alleles or variants and complex dominance relationships between alleles (Bateman, 1954(Bateman, , 1955Thompson and Taylor, 1966): in self-incompatible plants, pollen will not develop on a stigma that expresses the same S alleles as the pollen parent.Molecular analysis of the Brassica S locus region has shown that this mendelian locus is a gene complex consisting of distinct stigma-expressed and anther-expressed genes that determine SI specificity in stigma and pollen, respectively (reviewed in Nasrallah, 2000). The SRK (for S locus receptor kinase) gene (Stein et al., 1991) encodes a plasma membrane-spanning receptor serine/threonine kinase specific to the stigma epidermis (Stein et al., 1996) and is the determinant of SI specificity in the stigma (Takasaki et al., 2000). ...

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Structure and expression of AtS1, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene homologous to the S-locus related genes of Brassica

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Expressed in Arabidopsis Pistils Specifically along the Path of Pollen Tube Growth

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Expressed in Arabidopsis Pistils Specifically along the Path of Pollen Tube Growth

Comparative Mapping of the Brassica S Locus Region and Its Homeolog in Arabidopsis: Implications for the Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae

Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

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