“…Generation of a functional Sgt2ÁTA complex has mostly relied on in vitro translation (IVT) in cell lysates that contain endogenous chaperones (Wang et al, 2010;Rao et al, 2016) or the use of super-physiological concentrations of Sgt2 (Mateja et al, 2015), raising questions as to whether the currently known factors in the GET pathway are sufficient for efficient TA capture and delivery. Intriguingly, Sgt2 contains a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain that associates with multiple heat-shock proteins including Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp104 (Wang et al, 2010;Chartron et al, 2011;Krysztofinska et al, 2017). Heat-shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) has been found to associate with TAs translated in mammalian lysate (Abell et al, 2007), and supplementing Hsc70 enhanced TA insertion into the ER in semi-permeabilized cells (Rabu et al, 2008).…”