Structure, Function and Applications of Carboxylesterases from Insects for Insecticide Resistance

Qiao, Chuanling; Cui, Feng; Yan, Shuaiguo

doi:10.2174/092986609789071243

Cited by 53 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…We identified 10 GST genes of RLF and grouped them into six classes, thus filling the research gap. CarEs are also a class of important metabolic enzymes that are implicated in the resistance of insects to organophosphate, carbamates, and pyrethroids through gene amplification, upregulation, and coding sequence mutations [22], [24], [25]. Six CarE genes were identified in the RLF transcriptome, thus providing new genetic resources where previously no such gene information existed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Li¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe rice leaf folder (RLF), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is one of the most destructive pests affecting rice in Asia. Although several studies have been performed on the ecological and physiological aspects of this species, the molecular mechanisms underlying its developmental regulation, behavior, and insecticide resistance remain largely unknown. Presently, there is a lack of genomic information for RLF; therefore, studies aimed at profiling the RLF transcriptome expression would provide a better understanding of its biological function at the molecular level.Principal Findings De novo assembly of the RLF transcriptome was performed via the short read sequencing technology (Illumina). In a single run, we produced more than 23 million sequencing reads that were assembled into 44,941 unigenes (mean size = 474 bp) by Trinity. Through a similarity search, 25,281 (56.82%) unigenes matched known proteins in the NCBI Nr protein database. The transcriptome sequences were annotated with gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG), and KEGG orthology (KO). Additionally, we profiled gene expression during RLF development using a tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) system. Five DGE libraries were constructed, and variations in gene expression were compared between collected samples: eggs vs. 3rd instar larvae, 3rd instar larvae vs. pupae, pupae vs. adults. The results demonstrated that thousands of genes were significantly differentially expressed during various developmental stages. A number of the differentially expressed genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).ConclusionsThe RLF transcriptome and DGE data provide a comprehensive and global gene expression profile that would further promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various biological characteristics, including development, elevated fecundity, flight, sex differentiation, olfactory behavior, and insecticide resistance in RLF. Therefore, these findings could help elucidate the intrinsic factors involved in the RLF-mediated destruction of rice and offer sustainable insect pest management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Li¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…In insects, metabolic resistance to insecticides is mainly due to the long-term selective pressure of exogenous compounds along with the gene amplification or overexpression of detoxification enzymes (Li et al, 2007). The detoxification enzymes, primarily P450s, GSTs, and CarEs, can metabolize insecticides to low-toxic or non-toxic substances (Enayati et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2009;Feyereisen, 2011). Transcriptome sequencing has been shown to be an efficient means of obtaining a large number of gene sequences in insect species, such as A. gossypii (Li et al, 2013b), and Locusta migratoria (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function Analysis of P450 and GST Genes to Imidacloprid in Aphis craccivora (Koch)

Yang

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Aphis craccivora (Koch) is an economically important pest that affects legumes in worldwide. Chemical control is still the primary efficient method for A. craccivora management. However, the mechanism underlying insecticide resistance in A. craccivora has not been elucidated. A previous study observed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) significantly synergized imidacloprid in A. craccivora field populations, indicating that cytochrome P450 (P450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes may play pivotal roles in imidacloprid resistance. In this study, 38 P450 genes and 10 GST genes were identified in A. craccivora through transcriptomic analysis. The expression levels of these P450 and GST genes were measured in susceptible (SUS) strains of A. craccivora under imidacloprid treatment with LC15, LC50, and LC85 doses. The expression levels of CYP18A1, CYP6CY21, CYP6DA1, CYP6DA2, CYP4CJ1, CYP4CJ2, and CYP380C6 were up-regulated in the three treatments. Most of these genes belong to CYP3 and CYP4 Clans. In addition, the expression levels of all P450 and GST genes in A. craccivora were also measured in the Juye (JY) and Linqing (LQ) field populations. The expression levels of CYP6DA2, CYP4CJ1, and CYP380C6 were up-regulated in the SUS strain after imidacloprid treatment at three doses, and these genes were overexpressed in the JY population. Furthermore, the sensitivity of A. craccivora to imidacloprid was significantly increased after knockdown of CYP380C6 and CYP6DA2 through RNA interference. These results may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying of imidacloprid resistance in A. craccivora.

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“…L. cuprina α -E ( Lc αE7), the template for Rp CarE model building, showed a strong hydrophobic binding ability. Molecular modeling of Lc αE7 indicated that some mutations in the enzyme were responsible for organophosphates resistance of L. cuprina ( Yan et al, 2009 ). Lc αE7 could sequester the insecticide molecule and slowly detoxify it; this high affinity gave Lc αE7 an important function in insecticide resistance ( Jackson et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis of a Carboxylesterase Gene Associated With Isoprocarb and Cyhalothrin Resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)

Wang

Huang

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Carboxylesterase (CarE) is an important class of detoxification enzymes involved in insecticide resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of CarE-mediated insecticide resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi, a problematic agricultural pest, remains largely unknown. In the present study, an isoprocarb-resistant (IS-R) strain and a cyhalothrin-resistant (CY-R) strain were successively selected from a susceptible (SS) strain of R. padi. The enzyme activity indicated that enhanced carboxylesterase activity contributes to isoprocarb and cyhalothrin resistance. The expression levels of putative CarE genes were examined and compared among IS-R, CY-R, and SS strains, and only the R. padi carboxylesterase gene (RpCarE) was significantly over expressed in both the IS-R and CY-R strains compared to the SS strain. The coding region of the RpCarE gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified RpCarE protein was able to catalyze the model substrate, α-naphtyl acetate (Kcat = 5.50 s-1; Km = 42.98 μM). HPLC assay showed that the recombinant protein had hydrolase activity against isoprocarb and cyhalothrin. The modeling and docking analyses consistently indicated these two insecticide molecules fit snugly into the catalytic pocket of RpCarE. Taken together, these findings suggest that RpCarE plays an important role in metabolic resistance to carbamates and pyrethroids in R. padi.

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Structure, Function and Applications of Carboxylesterases from Insects for Insecticide Resistance

Cited by 53 publications

References 95 publications

Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Function Analysis of P450 and GST Genes to Imidacloprid in Aphis craccivora (Koch)

Functional Analysis of a Carboxylesterase Gene Associated With Isoprocarb and Cyhalothrin Resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)

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