Structure-preserving particle-in-cell simulation of lower hybrid wave propagation and heating in the magnetic mirror

Zheng, Jiangshan; Zhu, Guangyan; Chen, Junshi; Zheng, Yifeng; Xiao, Jun; Sun, Xuan; Zhuang, G.; An, Hong; Chen, Dexun; Liu, Xin; Li, Fang

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac2d57

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…6 shows mirror 160MHz LHW simulation results, which is close to the three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations results in Ref. [17] as shown in Fig. 6(b) for both the ray trajectories and turning points.…”

Section: Mirror Lhw and Icwsupporting

confidence: 83%

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BORAY: An Axisymmetric Ray Tracing Code Supports Both Closed and Open Field Lines Plasmas

Xie,

Debabrata,

Bai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ray tracing codes are useful to study the electromagnetic wave propagation and absorption in the geometrical optics approximation. In magnetized fusion plasma community, most ray tracing codes assume the plasma density and temperature be functions of the magnetic flux and study waves only inside the last closed flux surface, which are sufficient for the present day tokamak. However, they are difficult to be used for configurations with open magnetic field line plasmas, such as mirror machine and field-reversed-configuration (FRC). We develop a ray tracing code in cylindrical coordinates (r, φ, z) to support arbitrary axisymmetric configurations with both closed and open field lines plasmas. For wave propagation, the cold plasma dispersion relation is usually sufficient, and we require the magnetic field B(r, z) and species densities n s0 (r, z) profiles as input. For wave absorption, we require a further temperature T s0 (r, z) profile to solve a hot kinetic plasma dispersion relation. In difference to other ray tracing codes which calculate the imaginary part of wave vector k ⊥,i for wave absorption, we calculate the imaginary part of wave frequency ω i , which is shown to be equivalent with the former technique under weak damping approximation. The code can use either numerical or analytical equilibrium. Examples and benchmarks with electron cyclotron wave, lower hybrid wave and ion cyclotron wave for tokamak, spherical tokamak (ST), FRC and mirror machine are shown.

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Section: Mirror Lhw and Icwsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Figure6: Mirror 160MHz LHW simulation results, which is close to the results in Ref [17]. of 3D PIC simulations (b), where the PIC data with E x < 10 is removed to make the figure more clear.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

BORAY: An Axisymmetric Ray Tracing Code Supports Both Closed and Open Field Lines Plasmas

Xie,

Debabrata,

Bai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…They involve helicon wave, lower hybrid fast and slow wave, applied for the current drive, plasma heating and plasma rotation in toroidal devices [9][10][11]. In addition, a recent study has demonstrated the effectiveness of stochastic ion heating of LHW in magnetic mirror devices, which opens a new aspect for ion heating studies in linear devices, such as tandem mirrors [12]. In addition, LHW is economical, which is very helpful for university research on fusion plasma heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle simulations on propagation and resonance of lower hybrid wave launched by phased array antenna in linear devices

Zhu¹,

Sun²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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In this paper, we performed the first-principles electromagnetic-kinetic simulations to study the phased antenna array and its interactions with deuterium plasmas within the lower hybrid range of frequency. We first give the wave accessibility and resonance results which agree well with the theoretical prediction. Besides, we further investigated the antenna power spectrum with different antenna phases in the presence of the plasma and compared it with that in the vacuum, which directly indicates wave coupling and plasma absorption. In addition, for the case with zero phasing difference, our simulation results show that, albeit the launch is away from the accessibility region, the tunnelling effect and mode conversion occurred, which enhanced the coupling and absorption. Moreover, the consistent interactions between the injected wave and the plasma concerning various antenna phase differences are shown. We present the inchoate response of the plasma in terms of the launching directions. Our results could be favourable for the engineering design of wave heating experiments with a tunable phased antenna array in linear devices like simple magnetic mirrors or tandem mirrors.

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An axisymmetric mirror device for studying confinement and instability

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We describe a magnetic mirror device, namely, the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity (KMAX), which aims to study new approaches to confine and stabilize the mirror plasma as well as basic plasma research. KMAX consists of one central cell, two side cells, and two end chambers at two ends of the device. For the central cell, the mirror-to-mirror distance is 5.2 m, while the central cylinder is 2.5 m in length and 1.2 m in diameter. The plasmas are generated by two washer guns located in the end chambers, which subsequently flow into the central cell and merge there. The density in the central cell is usually adjusted by changing the magnetic field strength inside the side cell, and it ranges from 1017 to 1019 m−3, depending on the experimental requirement. Ion cyclotron frequency heating with two 100 kW transmitters is routinely used to heat up the ions. Plasma controls mainly rely on configuring the magnetic geometry and rotating magnetic fields to improve the confinement and suppress instability. Routine diagnostics, such as probes, interferometers, spectrometers, diamagnetic loops, and bolometers, are also reported in this paper.

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Structure-preserving particle-in-cell simulation of lower hybrid wave propagation and heating in the magnetic mirror

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

BORAY: An Axisymmetric Ray Tracing Code Supports Both Closed and Open Field Lines Plasmas

BORAY: An Axisymmetric Ray Tracing Code Supports Both Closed and Open Field Lines Plasmas

Particle simulations on propagation and resonance of lower hybrid wave launched by phased array antenna in linear devices

An axisymmetric mirror device for studying confinement and instability

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