“…Instruments measuring nursing students' perceptions of PSC were adapted versions of tools designed for nurses. Two of these instruments were modified for nursing education (Ortiz de Elguea et al, 2019;Walker et al, 2019), while the other two were used without modification (Çiftcioğlu et al, 2022;Kong et al, 2019). The instruments focusing on nursing students' competencies in PSC were developed based on a literature review (Ginsburg et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Tella et al, 2015), and QSEN KSA competencies (knowledge, skills, attitudes) (Miller & LaFramboise, 2009;Piscotty et al, 2013;Sullivan et al, 2009), and two instruments were developed based on the Madigosky et al (2006) framework intended for medical students (Chenot & Daniel, 2010;Schnall et al, 2008).…”