Studies of Total Body Water With Tritium 12

Prentice, T. C.; Siri, William E.; Berlin, Nathaniel I.; Hyde, Grace M.; Parsons, Richard E.; Joiner, E. E.; Lawrence, John H.

doi:10.1172/jci102624

Cited by 181 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The average total body water was somewhat higher in patients with cirrhosis than in the con- (16). When the patients in the control group are compared with the cirrhotic group they are not perfectly matched with respect to age and sex.…”

Section: 58mentioning

confidence: 88%

Water Distribution in Normal Subjects and in Patients With Laënnec's Cirrhosis

Gilder¹,

Redo²,

Barr³

et al. 1954

J. Clin. Invest.

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The development of ascites and edema in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis is believed by some to be due to a deranged hormonal balance which results in salt and water retention (1-5). The present investigation analyzes the components of total body water in 22 control subjects and 15 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis to ascertain the distribution of the retained salt and water. METHODSThe control subjects were patients on the surgical wards for minor procedures which influence water and electrolyte balance minimally. The patients with cirrhosis were admitted for therapeutic operative procedures, observation, or treatment of ascites.Plasma volume was measured by the method of Gibson, Evelyn, and Gregerson using the dye, T-1824, (Evans Blue) (6, 7). Blood volume was calculated from the value of the plasma volume or T-1824 space and the hematocrit. Radioactive sodium was utilized to measure the extracellular space plus the additional space into which sodium presumably passes. Total body water was determined by the dilution of injected deuterium oxide.The patients were in a basal state at the time of the study. After taking a pre-injection blood sample the needle was left in the vein and to it was attached a threeway stopcock, to one arm of which was fastened a syringe containing saline. To the other arm of the stopcock was attached a 50 ml. burette equipped with rubber tubing and adapter which was filled to the adapter with a saline solution containing approximately 70 microcuries of radioactive sodium 1 and 3 ml. of 0.45 per cent dye T-1824 in each 10 ml. The stopcock was opened and about 10 ml. of this solution was allowed to enter by gravity. The exact quantity injected was measured on the burette and the material left in the stopcock and needle washed into the vein with the saline in the syringe. The burette and adapter were then removed, and a weighed 50-ml. syringe con-1 Radioactive sodium received from Brookhaven National Laboratories as the carbonate (Naf?CO,) was first prepared by diluting in sterile saline, neutralizing with the calculated amount of 6 N hydrochloric acid, sterilizing by filtration through an ultrafine sintered glass filter, and boiling on a hot plate for 15 minutes. The 70 microcuries given represents a dosage of about 0.1 roentgen, one-third the accepted tolerance level of 0.3 roentgen per week.taining the deuterium oxide-saline solution 2 was attached.The stopcock was again opened and the deuterium oxide was injected under slight pressure in a period' of about 2 minutes. The deuterium oxide remaining in stopcock and needle was washed into the vein in a manner similar to that of the first solution. The difference between the weights of the full and the empty syringe was taken as the weight of the deuterium oxide solution injected.Ten minutes after the injection of the dye T-1824 and the radioactive sodium, a blood sample was taken for determination of plasma volume. Three hours after the injection a blood sample was taken for measuring sodium and deuterium oxide space. Twenty-four hours a...

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Section: 58mentioning

confidence: 88%

Water Distribution in Normal Subjects and in Patients With Laënnec's Cirrhosis

Gilder¹,

Redo²,

Barr³

et al. 1954

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The validity of the antipyrine method for the determination of body water In normals and patients with abnormal fluid accumulation due to liver disease has been established in other studies (1,3). Since a reduced rate of blood flow may hamper equilibration in body fluids of any injected substance it was necessary to validate the The sources of the extravascular fluids studied were as follows: 16 edema fluids: 14 from patients with heart disease, one from a patient with cirrhosis of the liver, and one from a patient with edema of unknown cause; 5 ascitic fluids: one specimen from a patient with heart disease and four from patients with cirrhosis of the liver; 2 pleural fluids: a specimen from a patient with heart disease and one from a patient with renal disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Total Body Water and Total Exchangeable Sodium in Edematous States Due to Cardiac, Renal or Hepatic Disease 1

Farber¹,

Soberman²

1956

J. Clin. Invest.

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The physiological defects of salt and water retention appear to be the same in diseases of various etiologies associated with edema. However, the relative amounts of sodium and water retained and their distribution may be different and related to the metabolic faults of the particular disease. Although the concentrations of electrolytes in extracellular fluid are similar in edematous states, the concentrations in other compartments may indicate differences related to the relative accumulation and distribution of sodium and water.At present, methods are available to determine the concentrations of electrolytes in extracellular fluid. In intact man, concentrations of ions in other compartments of the body have to be indirectly determined. One such assay may be attempted by computing the body concentration of the electrolyte from the determinations of total exchangeable body content of the electrolyte and total body water. The value so derived does not have the physical chemical significance of concentration but may be indicative of changes occurring in the extracellular fluid as well as in other body compartments.Employing this procedure, the present study attempts to differentiate various clinical conditions with edema on the basis of total exchangeable sodium and body water content. In particular, patients with congestive heart failure have been compared to patients with other diseases associated with edema. The data indicate that patients with congestive heart failure apparently have a high body concentration of sodium (mEq. of exchangeable sodium per liter of body water).

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“…Prentice et al (1952) suggest that this exchange error is of the order of two to four percent of the total body water. It is generally accepted that the same type of error shoum to occur with tritium oxide dete:r;ir.t ions of total body water are also characteristic of deuterium body water determinations.…”

Section: Body Water (Deuterium Oxide Space)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is of great interest to note that the exchange of tritium with the labile hydrogen of fat is small or undetectable (Prentice et al, 1952), but large in muscle, gut, liver, kidney, and plasma solids, in that order. Prentice et al (1952) suggest that this exchange error is of the order of two to four percent of the total body water.…”

Section: Body Water (Deuterium Oxide Space)mentioning

confidence: 99%