Studies on Drug Metabolism by Use of Isotopes XXVII: Urinary Metabolites of Rutin in Rats and the Role of Intestinal Microflora in the Metabolism of Rutin

A Soluble Flavonoid-glycoside, αG-Rutin, Is Absorbed as Glycosides in the Isolated Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa

“…It has been reported in in vivo studies that rutin is scarcely absorbed as such in the stomach or small intestine, is but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial enzymes and absorbed from the colon. 12,15,16) In contrast, we found that Grutin is transported through the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. These results suggest that G-rutin is more efficiently absorbed after oral ingestion than rutin.…”

Metabolic and Pharmacological Properties of Rutin, a Dietary Quercetin Glycoside, for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…This is based on other reports (22,28) and our observation that the autoclaved cecal contents lost its ability to deglycosylate rutin to quercetin. Unlike rutin that is mostly metabolized by enzyme(s), quercetin is thought to be metabolized not only enzymatically but also nonenzymatically in the cecal contents, as the disappearance of quercetin in the autoclaved cecal contents was markedly delayed but still occurred faster than that in pH 6.8 buffer.…”

Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity study with neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats

“…Because of its large molecular size and hydrophilic structure, ingested NHDC can indeed not be expected to be absorbed unchanged in significant amounts. However, it is known that bacterial glucosidases are able to cleave the b-glucosidic bond between the dihydrochalcone and disaccharide moieties of the NHDC molecule (Baba et al, 1983;Bokkenheuser et al, 1987). The liberated disaccharide and most of the formed hesperetin dihydrochalcone, i.e., the aglycone of NHDC, are then subject to further microbial degradation along established metabolic pathways (Bokkenheuser and Winter, 1988;Booth et al, 1958Booth et al, , 1965Cheng et al, 1971;DeEds, 1968;Ibrahim and Abul-Hajj, 1990;Skjevrak et al, 1986;Winter et al, 1989).…”