Studies on the Epizootiology of Infection With Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chicken Flocks in Victoria

Turner, Andrew; Kovesdy, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb06882.x

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Chickens vaccinated with the NDV-I 2 or HB1 and La Sota and surviving the challenge must nevertheless have been infected with virulent virus because they showed rising antibody titres. Turner & Kovesdy (1974), Spradbrow et al (1980), Ibrahim et al (1981) and Westbury (1984) reported that surviving chickens showed no respiratory illness during 14 days of observation and yet exhibited a marked rise in antibody titres following challenge. This indicates that they had been infected by the challenge virus and agrees with the statement of Spradbrow (1993/4) that oral ND vaccination will prevent disease but not infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia

Nasser¹,

Lohr²,

Mebratu³

et al. 2000

Avian Pathology

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Vaccination experiments were carried out in Ethiopia to study the efficacy of the NDV-I 2 vaccine against challenge with an Ethiopian velogenic strain of NDV. In experiment A, which comprised 300 broiler chicks, the efficacy of the ocular/drinking water application of the HB1/La Sota vaccine was compared with the ocular/drinking water and the feed application of the NDV-I 2 vaccine on untreated barley and sorghum. The NDV-I 2 vaccine applied by eye-drop or drinking-water protected the chickens against challenge as efficiently as combined HB1/La Sota vaccination but untreated barley and sorghum were unsuitable vaccine carriers. The vaccine virus could not be recovered and chickens neither seroconverted nor were they protected. In experiment B, 120 broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups. One group each received NDV-I 2 vaccine mixed with untreated barley or sorghum which was applied immediately, or 14 h after mixing and standing at ambient temperature. The fifth group was vaccinated intraocularly and via the drinking water with the NDV-I 2 vaccine. The sixth group remained untreated. Experiment B confirmed the results of experiment A. In experiment C, 100 chicks were divided into 5 groups of 20 chickens each. One group each received the NDV-I 2 vaccine on parboiled barley or sorghum as vaccine carriers 0 and 6 h after mixing. The last group remained untreated. Parboiled barley given 0 or 6 h and parboiled sorghum given 0 h after mixing with the vaccine led to seroconversion and protection of the chickens. Parboiled sorghum given 6 h after mixing with the vaccine did not. It is concluded that the thermostable NDV-I 2 vaccine may be a suitable vaccine for oral application under Ethiopian conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia

Nasser¹,

Lohr²,

Mebratu³

et al. 2000

Avian Pathology

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“…In one Australian study it was shown that seroconversion occurred a t a relatively late age (more than 7 weeks) so that flocks of young birds would remain susceptible (Turner and Kovesdy 1974). In one Australian study it was shown that seroconversion occurred a t a relatively late age (more than 7 weeks) so that flocks of young birds would remain susceptible (Turner and Kovesdy 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Australian Chickens Naturally Infected With Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus to Challenge With Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

et al. 1980

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Sixty-eight b r e e d e r c h i c k e n s , 4 to 12 m o n t h s of a g e , were taken from Australian flocks that had b e e n naturally infected with avirulent Newcastle d i s e a s e virus (NDV) a n d transported by air t o Malaysia. Nearly all t h e b r e e d e r s had haemagglutination inhibition antibodies t o NDV, a t titres of from 2 to 128. Thirty-two were inoculated intranasally with an Asian, velogenic, viscerotropic strain of NDV a n d all survived this challenge. Thirty-six were exposed to contact infection with t h e same velogenic NDV and 2 died of Newcastle d i s e a s e within 14 d a y s . T h e levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies a g a i n s t NDV i n c r e a s e d in t h e surviving b r e e d e r s after c h a l l e n g e , reaching 2048 or greater in a few birds. Velogenic NDV was isolated from a cloacal swab from one clinically normal b r e e d e r 10 d a y s after c h a l l e n g e by contact. Cloaca1 swabs t a k e n 7 t o 10 d a y s after c h a l l e n g e from a n o t h e r 23 b r e e d e r s yielded n o NDV.Twenty-four broilers, 7 w e e k s of age, were also transported from Australia to Malaysia. All lacked d e t e c t a b l e haemagglutination inhibition antibody to NDV a n d they were from a flock with no d e t e c t a b l e antibody to NDV. Twelve w e r e challenged with velogenic NDV intranasally a n d 12 were s u b j e c t e d to c o n t a c t c h a l l e n g e . All broilers d i e d of Newcastle disease within 13 d a y s .

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“…Since Simmons (1967) isolated a lentogenic strain (V4) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in 1966 a number of lentogenic viruses has been isolated in Australia (French et af 1967(French et af , 1969; Haslam et af 1969; Webster et af 1970; Turner and Kovesdy 1974). Simmons reported that the V4 strain originated from the enlarged and ulcerated proventriculus of a chicken which showed depression and poor growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chicken also had bacterial infection. All other viruses were isolated either from normal chickens (Webster et af 1970;Turner and Kovesdy 1974) or from sources not yet described (French et af 1967(French et af , 1969Haslam et al 1969). Turner and Kovesdy (1974) reported that NDV was readily isolated from normal replacement batches of broiler chickens on properties where the virus had been detected previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Isolation of Lentogenic Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus in Australia

1978

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Twelve isolations of Newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens from conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. Nine of the isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. The viruses were identified as Newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to Newcastle disease virus. The viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be lentogenic strains. There was no evidence that the Newcastle disease viruses were responsible for any of the clinical conditions from which they were isolated. The presence of other agents in 10 of the samples was indicated by reduced production of haemagglutinin in allantoic fluids of infected embryos, by deaths of infected embryos, by the production of cytopathic changes in avian cell cultures and by electron microscopy. Three isolations of infectious bronchitis virus, 2 of avian adenovirus and one of avian reovirus were made. Other samples were suspected of containing infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasmas, but these were not isolated. The Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and they were separated from the contaminating agents by haemagglutination and elution followed by passage at terminal dilution in chick embryos. No Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 60 caecal tonsils and 60 lung samples from 9-week-old broiler chickens. Eight lung samples yielded mycoplasmas that caused haemadsorption in chicken cell cultures. The mycoplasmas were probably Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

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Studies on the Epizootiology of Infection With Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chicken Flocks in Victoria

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia

Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia

The Response of Australian Chickens Naturally Infected With Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus to Challenge With Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

The Isolation of Lentogenic Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus in Australia

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