Studies on the survival of Johne's bacilli

Lovell, R.; Levi, M.L.; Francis, Jesse M.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(44)80013-3

Cited by 64 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The time required to eradicate the organism from the environment is unknown. It has been suggested that at least 6 months to a year is required to render pastures safe after being grazed by infected cattle (Lovell et al 1944). In this case, it could be concluded that pasture might be a source of infection, because they had been recently used to raise dairy cattle probably affected by paratuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has extended to other species. In Chile, deer farming activity has been focused in hunting and meat production. No paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. In the present study, chronic diarrhea and poor body condition in some animals belonging to a deer farm was informed. Four adult affected hinds were euthanized under suspicion of paratuberculosis. In all animals macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were observed. Map-positive culture results from faecal and tissue samples, complemented with positive-PCR-results from fixed tissues are informed. Evidence has been found on cattle and deer populations being connected since molecular characterization of the Map isolated from deer lack of variation between the cattle control strain. The latter could indicate that both species share the same bacteria, suggesting there is interspecies transmission. Complementary diagnostic methods were accurate to diagnose paratuberculosis and to differentiate the clinical deer case from other mycobacterial infection. The epidemiological findings suggest that the infection in the deer farm could be transmitted from a cattle herd, making this the first reported case of paratuberculosis in deer farm in Chile.Key words: deer, histopathology, paratuberculosis, PCR. RESUMENMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) es el agente etiológico de la patuberculosis. En Chile, antecedentes del aislamiento de Map tanto en rumiantes domésticos como en especies de vida silvestre se han ido acumulando a través del tiempo, sin embargo, esto tiene que estar afectando también a otras especies. En Chile, la crianza de ciervos se ha focalizado en dos objetivos: cotos de caza y producción de carnes exóticas, no existiendo un programa de vigilancia ni siendo reportada esta enfermedad en rebaños de este tipo. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de diarrea crónica y pobre condición corporal en algunos animales pertenecientes a una granja de ciervos donde se sospechó la presencia de paratuberculosis. Cuatro ciervos adultos fueron eutanaziados bajo esta sospecha. Todos los animales presentaron lesiones macro y microscópicas compatibles con paratuberculosis. Resultados positivos al cultivo bacteriológico a partir de heces y muestras de tejido, además de PCR a partir de tejido fijado evidencian la infección. De acuerdo a los resultados de caracterización molecular de las cepas aisladas de los ciervos que no muestran variación entre cepas control de bovino, se evidencia que ambas poblaciones estarían conectadas. Complementariamente, los métodos diagnósticos utilizados fueron muy precisos para diagnosticar paratuberculosis y para diferenciar casos clínicos en ciervos de otras micobacteriosis. Las características epidemiológicas descritas en este estudio sugieren que la infecció...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

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“…Survival of the C strain in tap water and pond water in sealed bottles at a starting concen- on May 11, 2018 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ tration of 10 5 /ml at ambient temperature (ca. 9 to 26°C) was Ͼ9 but Ͻ13 months (18) and from 3 log 10 -higher starting concentrations was about 17 months in the dark at 38°C (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paratuberculosis in water, all using the cattle strain (C strain) of the organism in relatively artificial circumstances in the northern hemisphere. Survival was reported for about 6 to 18 months in tap or pond water in sealed bottles (16,18) and for about 15 months in distilled water (5). Thus, the survival of M. avium subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Whittington

Marsh

Reddacliff

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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In a previous longitudinal study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survived for 55 weeks in fecal material in the shade, but for much shorter periods in exposed locations. In this experiment, the survival of the organism was studied in 250 liters of dam water and sediment in large water troughs that were placed in either a semiexposed location or in a shaded location and compared to survival in fecal material and soil in the shaded location. Survival in water and/or sediment in the shade was for up to 48 weeks compared to 36 weeks in the semiexposed location. Survival in sediment was 12 to 26 weeks longer than survival in the water column. Survival in soil and fecal material in the terrestrial environment in the shaded location was only 12 weeks. Although disturbance to sediment could not be ruled out as a factor, there was evidence of dormancy in both the water column and the sediment, since the organism could not be recovered for several months before again becoming detectable. The results suggest that water may be a significant reservoir of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Further research on the biology of the organism in aquatic environments is warranted. Animal health authorities will need to provide appropriate advice to farmers to minimize exposure of livestock to potentially infected water sources. Survival of the organism in water destined for human consumption will need to be addressed if the organism is found to be involved in the etiology of Crohn's disease.

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“…However, the time that is required to eradicate the organism from the environment is unknown. It has been suggested that at least 6 months to a year is required to render pastures safe after grazing by infected cattle (7,26). Data on the resistance of the organism were reported in 1944 (26) when feces from a cow with paratuberculosis was placed in an open bowl in an exposed place in London, United Kingdom, and cultured at intervals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and Dormancy ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin theEnvironment

Whittington

Marshall

Nicholls

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

282

244

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The survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was studied by culture of fecal material sampled at intervals for up to 117 weeks from soil and grass in pasture plots and boxes. Survival for up to 55 weeks was observed in a dry fully shaded environment, with much shorter survival times in unshaded locations. Moisture and application of lime to soil did not affect survival. UV radiation was an unlikely factor, but infrared wavelengths leading to diurnal temperature flux may be the significant detrimental component that is correlated with lack of shade. The organism survived for up to 24 weeks on grass that germinated through infected fecal material applied to the soil surface in completely shaded boxes and for up to 9 weeks on grass in 70% shade. The observed patterns of recovery in three of four experiments and changes in viable counts were indicative of dormancy, a hitherto unreported property of this taxon. A dps-like genetic element and relA, which are involved in dormancy responses in other mycobacteria, are present in the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome sequence, providing indirect evidence for the existence of physiological mechanisms enabling dormancy. However, survival of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment is finite, consistent with its taxonomic description as an obligate parasite of animals.

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Studies on the survival of Johne's bacilli

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Survival and Dormancy ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin theEnvironment

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