Study of Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange diffusion on germanate glasses: Realization of single-mode waveguides at the wavelength of 1.55μm

Structural Investigation of the Surface of Bioglass 45S5 Enriched with Calcium Ions

“…The composition of the glassy surface was modified by dipping the bioglass in a bath composed by a molten mixture of calcium and sodium nitrates . The low coefficient of diffusion of calcium ions in the glass network results in a modification of a thinly surface layer, which also allows to tailor the thickness of modified layer controlling the immersion time and/or the bath temperature .…”

“…The composition of the glassy surface was modified by dipping the bioglass in a bath composed by a molten mixture of calcium and sodium nitrates. [18][19][20][21][22] The low coefficient of diffusion of calcium ions in the glass network results in a modification of a thinly surface layer, which also allows to tailor the thickness of modified layer controlling the immersion time and/or the bath temperature. 21,23 As a result, the tailoring of the surface layer opens the possibility of designing the surface to obtain desired properties such as bioactivity and ability to stimulate tissue regeneration.…”

Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review

“…174 In astronomy, there is high interest in going further to midinfrared spectrum, 175 and ion-exchanged waveguides have been demonstrated in germanate glasses targeting the 3 to 4-μm spectral range. 176,177 Here, ion exchange has been a potential fabrication technology for final realization of such applications, but also to some extent an available platform for carrying out scientific experiments. Some further examples of using ionexchanged waveguides as a platform for demonstrations and studies can be given.…”

High-aluminum phosphate glasses for single-mode waveguide-typed red light source

“…Ion-exchange technique has been widely used in fabricating highquality glass waveguide due to various benefits, i.e., low surface scattering losses, symmetric refractive index profiles, and easy fabrication of single mode waveguide, excellent mode matching to single-mode fiber and low birefringence across a broad range of waveguide widths [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. K + -Na + ion-exchange is one of the most frequently-used techniques to fabricate low-loss optical device that can be effectively coupled with single-mode fibers, which is mainly attributed to the facts that the refractive index selectively raised with the K + ions exchanged into the glass substrate when the glass substrate is submerged in pure molten KNO 3 , and during K + -Na + ion exchange process no concentration control of the melt is required and no subsequent metallic ion clusters are formed [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”