Study of oxidative stress in patients with advanced renal disease and undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) is directly involved in the formation of atheroma plaque and has been shown to be present since the early stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); however, the net role that dialytica techniques may play in OS process is yet to be determined. We studied three groups: hemodialysis (HD, n = 30), peritoneal dialysis (PD, n = 31), predialysis (pre-D, n = 32), and one control group (C, n = 67). Using highresolution liquid chromatography columns (HPLC), the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione oxidized/reduced ratio (GSSG/GSH), and nuclear, as well as mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG (8-oxo-dG mit) were measured in lymphocytes. Protein carbonyls and F2-isoprostanes were measured in plasma. The antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated by a spectrophotometric assay of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Compared to the control group, all groups had significantly higher levels of products derived from molecular oxidation with a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Patients in the pre-D group showed higher values for most of the oxidized molecules. The PD group showed a better oxidative balance, with no significant differences in levels of mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG when compared to the control group. We speculated that the better control of OS observed in patients receiving PD might be explained by the fact that this technique is more biocompatible, and this might help reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

Time in hemodialysis modulates the levels of genetic damage in hemodialysis patients

“…In addition, it has also been reported that uremic toxins can reduce the activity of some repair enzymes [Lesgards et al, 2011]. Our results suggest that the HD procedure reduce some of these genotoxic sources [Puchades et al, 2013], diminishing the oxidative stress level and allowing the DNA repair enzymes to better cope with the induced DNA damage.…”

Association of lipid profile with serum PON1 concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Moreover, the atheroprotective protein Apo A1 is significantly reduced in patients compared to healthy individuals. Disturbed lipoprotein profile has also been reported in several reports 14,19,20 and was ascribed to enhanced oxidative stress, malnutrition and inflammatory disorders, especially in patients subjected to maintenance HD. These lipid alterations are accompanied in our study by a significant decrease of PON1 concentration in HD patients compared to RF and controls, a fact that probably reflects the higher degree of lipid peroxidation in HD group.…”

Urinary F2‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Our findings also could reflect differences in response to oxidative stress in cats as a species compared to humans. For example, humans with advanced CKD show lower plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lower concentrations of its cofactor selenium, and lower reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratios 6, 8, 35, 36. In contrast, cats with stage 4 CKD show a modest but significant increase in plasma GPx activities, with no decreases in serum selenium concentrations, and higher GSH:GSSG ratios 26, 37.…”