Study of seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus (ToRC) infections in antenatal women presented with bad obstetric history and comparative evaluation of Nanoplex ToRCH screen ELISA kit with VIDAS

Abstract

Background: Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus are major causes of Bad Obstetric History (BOH). Cause of BOH may be genetic, hormonal, abnormal maternal immune response, and maternal infection. Women affected with any of these diseases during pregnancy are at high risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, or for a child with serious birth defects and/or illness and also a hazard to attending staff nurses. Methods: A total 96 serum samples were collected from antenatal women with BOH attending the out-patient services of department of gynaecology at NRI general hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Serum samples were obtained and were subjected to screening for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of Toxopalsma gondii, Rubella Virus and CMV infections by VIDAS (bioMerieux, France) and Nanoplex ToRCH Screen kit [Lilac Medicare (P) Ltd, Maharastra, India]. Results: Majority of cases with BOH were found in females aged 18-23 years (25, 52.08%) followed by 24-29 years (18, 37.5%). Congenital anomalies and other complications were found to be more in age group 18-23 years followed by 24-29 years. The disease prevalence as studied with respect to IgM antibodies was found to be 31.25% for Cytomegalovirus Infections, 23.96% for Toxoplasma gondii, 21.88% for Rubella virus infections. The overall agreement in the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) between VIDAS and Nanoplex ToRCH Screen kit for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in our study was excellent with sensitivity ranging from 90.91%-96.00% and specificity ranging from 89.47%-95.59% for the detection of IgM& IgG antibodies. The discrepancies were relatively less with 8.3% for CMV IgM, 6.2% for CMV IgG, 5.20% for Rubella IgM, 6.25% for Rubella IgG, 6.25% for Toxo IgM and 5.20% for Toxo IgG. Conclusion: Nanoplex ToRCH Screen Kit is a cheap, cost effective, efficient and innovative alternate for the diagnosis of ToRCH infections. As the technology is new, it needs to be further explored bring out various multiplex kits for diagnosing other infectious diseases.

Serological and Molecular Comparison Study for Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection in aborted Pregnant Women in Iraq

“…Asymptomatic infants may develop abnormalities later in life. The infections caused by TORCH organisms like CMV are grouped together because they all result in serious birth defects when transmitted from an infected mother to her foetus during pregnancy (Simgamsetty et al, 2015;Sadik et al, 2012).…”

Evaluation of Rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and cytomegalovirus seroprevalences in women with miscarriage as adverse reproductive outcome in current pregnancy in ALBIYDA /LIBYA

“…Women affected with any of these diseases during pregnancy are at high risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, or for a child with serious birth defects and/or illness. [3], [1].…”

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Pregnant Women in Yazd Province, Iran

“…Congenital infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV), best abbreviated as TRC, during pregnancy are the major causes of serious complications, which can involve the baby's health (1,2). In fact, these pathogenic organisms generally cause only symptom-free or mild infections, especially in healthy immunocompetent people (3). T. gondii is a cosmopolitan and protozoan intracellular parasite and the cause of a zoonotic disease called toxoplasmosis.…”

“…These infections can be prevented if detected early; therefore, a primary screening program must be implemented, especially in areas of high endemicity. This program should be introduced before or in early pregnancy to determine the mother's exposure to TRC infections (3). Similarly, primary prevention of congenital rubella syndrome is possible through preconception vaccination (17,18).…”