Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), Spray A: Effects of Ambient Temperature and Oxygen Concentration

Cenker, Emre; Bruneaux, Gilles; Pickett, Lyle M.; Schulz, Christof

doi:10.4271/2013-01-0901

Cited by 40 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…That is why some authors have used semi-empirical equations [11] to estimate the cross-sectional equivalence ratio at the flame base to correlate with soot formation processes within the diffusion flame [38]. It is quite logical to assume that this entrainment should also have an effect on combustion development, at least during the initial combustion stages.…”

Section: Lift-off Length Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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Schlieren imaging has helped deeply characterize the behavior of diesel spray when injected into an oxygen-free ambient. However, when considering the transient penetration of the reacting spray after autoignition, i.e. the Diesel flame, few studies have been found in literature. Differences among optical setups as well as among experimental conditions have not allowed clear conclusions to be drawn on this issue. Furthermore, soot radiation may have a strong effect on the image quality, which cannot be neglected.The present paper reports an investigation on the transient evolution of Diesel flame based upon schlieren imaging. Experimental conditions have spanned values of injection pressure, ambient temperature and density for typical Diesel engine conditions. An optimized optical setup has been used, which makes it possible to obtain results without soot interference. Based on observations for a long injection event (4 ms Energizing Time), the analysis has resorted to extensive comparison of inert and reacting sprays parameters, which have made it possible to define different phases after autoignition.Shortly after autoignition, axial and radial expansion of the spray have been observed in terms of axial penetration and radial cone angle. After that, during a stabilization phase, the reacting spray penetrates at a similar rate as the inert one. Later, the reacting spray undergoes an acceleration period, where it penetrates at a faster rate than the inert one. Finally, the flame enters a quasi-steady penetration phase, where the ratio of reacting and inert penetration stabilizes at a nearly constant value. The duration of the reacting spray penetration stages shows modifications when varying engine parameters such as air temperature, air density, injection pressure, and nozzle diameter. However, the proportionality between reacting and inert penetration has been observed to depend mainly on temperature, in agreement with observed reductions in entrainment when shifting from inert to reacting conditions.

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Section: Lift-off Length Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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“…As the LII measurements of IFPEN were calibrated based on HeNe laser extinction and recent DBIEI measurements from SNL are presented here using 632 nm incident light, a k e value at this wavelength was computed to be 7.29. Soot volume fraction quantities published by Cenker et al [10] were…”

Section: Skeen Et Al / Sae Int J Engines / Volume 9 Issue 2 (June mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planar Laser-Induced Incandescence (PLII) IFPEN used single-shot PLII calibrated with point-based, heliumneon (HeNe) laser line-of-sight extinction measurements to quantify the soot volume fraction (f v ) in the central plane of high-pressure combusting sprays [10]. PLII images were acquired at different timings after the start of injection (ASOI) to assess the temporal evolution of soot formation.…”

Section: Soot Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Progress Review on Soot Experiments and Modeling in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN)

Skeen

Manin

Pickett

et al. 2016

SAE Int. J. Engines

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The 4th Workshop of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) was held September 5-6, 2015 in Kyoto, Japan. This manuscript presents a summary of the progress in experiments and modeling among ECN contributors leading to a better understanding of soot formation under the ECN “Spray A” configuration and some parametric variants. Relevant published and unpublished work from prior ECN workshops is reviewed. Experiments measuring soot particle size and morphology, soot volume fraction (fv), and transient soot mass have been conducted at various international institutions providing target data for improvements to computational models. Multiple modeling contributions using both the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Equations approach and the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) approach have been submitted. Among these, various chemical mechanisms, soot models, and turbulence-chemistry interaction (TCI) methodologies have been considered

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“…Three 280 cylindrical lenses were used to obtain a 45 x 0.35 mm 2 collimated laser sheet, with 450 mJ/pulse 281 at the entrance of the combustion chamber. The equivalent energy fluence is 2.87 J/cm 2 , which 282 is large enough to get a signal independent of the laser pulse energy as it has been previously 283 reported by other authors [4,13,16]. However, care must be taken during analysis as this high 284 energy fluence could evaporate the smallest soot particles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, all of them show high 326 complexity, especially under engine conditions. The second procedure is based on an empirical 327 calibration by means of an additional experimental technique [11][12][13][14][15][16] (2) and (7) are combined, the following 330 expression can be obtained: 331…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions

Pastor

García-Oliver

García

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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Mico Reche, C. (2016). Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions. Combustion and Flame. 164:212-223. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.018. Nevertheless, it could still be a good option for low sooting conditions. On the other hand, an 36 attempt to calibrate LII signal by means of LEM measurements has been reported. This approach 37 should make it possible to obtain additional information on the soot spatial distribution. 38 However, inconsistencies have been identified which stem from the inherent limitations of LII 39 technique in highly sooting conditions. 40 Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in

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Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), Spray A: Effects of Ambient Temperature and Oxygen Concentration

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

A Progress Review on Soot Experiments and Modeling in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN)

Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions

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