Study of the Degree of Cure through Thermal Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy in Composite-Forming Processes

García-Manrique, Juan Antonio; Marı́, B.; Ribes‐Greus, A.; Monreal, Llúcia; Teruel, Roberto; Gascón, Llanos; Sans, J. A.; Marí-Guaita, Júlia

doi:10.3390/ma12233991

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From the post-curing peaks (Figure 7b), the residual heat of composites (∆HDS) was calculated as 44 and 41 J/g for DS/KEFL (curve 3) and DS/23BA/KEFL (curve 2). This corresponds to a composite matrix degree of curing of about 69 and 72% for bast and hybrid composites, respectively, when cured at 150 °C for 3 min, which is quite close to the expectations under these conditions [58,59].…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrysupporting

confidence: 83%

Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

2021

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New technologies in the automotive industry require lightweight, environment-friendly, and mechanically strong materials. Bast fibers such as kenaf, flax, and hemp reinforced polymers are frequently used composites in semi-structural applications in industry. However, the low mechanical properties of bast fibers limit the applications of these composites in structural applications. The work presented here aims to enhance the mechanical property profile of bast fiber reinforced acrylic-based polyester resin composites by hybridization with basalt fibers. The hybridization was studied in three resin forms, solution, dispersion, and a mixture of solution and dispersion resin forms. The composites were prepared by established processing methods such as carding, resin impregnation, and compression molding. The composites were characterized for their mechanical (tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact strength), thermal, and morphological properties. The mechanical performance of hybrid bast/basalt fiber composites was significantly improved compared to their respective bast fiber composites. For hybrid composites, the specific flexural modulus and strength were on an average about 21 and 19% higher, specific tensile modulus and strength about 31 and 16% higher, respectively, and the specific impact energy was 13% higher than bast fiber reinforced composites. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

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Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrysupporting

confidence: 83%

Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

2021

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“…52 (c) Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) method; The reaction of curing of an industrially relevant buildup composite (epoxy-phenol reinforced with silica fillers) can be monitored by DRIFT in the near-infrared range. And DRIFT is demonstrated to offer an easy and reliable measurement of the epoxy degree of curing by Grandoa et al 53 (d) Raman Spectroscopy technology; Garcia-Manrique et al 54 used this method to measure the degree of cure. Then the results showed that it is possible to verify the degree of polymerization, and the information is complementary from classical thermal characterization techniques such as DSC.…”

Section: Chemical Shrinkage Of Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of curing deformation control methods for carbon fiber reinforced resin composites

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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Under the influence of extrinsic curing conditions and intrinsic properties of carbon fiber reinforced resin composites, the formation of curing deformation is inevitable, which makes the shape of the manufactured components differ from the designed structure, and even exceeds the assembly tolerance, resulting in the scrap of parts. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to optimize the curing deformation of carbon fiber reinforced resin composites. In this paper, the mechanism of stress and curing deformation is reviewed firstly, and then the factors affecting the curing deformation are summarized. In particular, from the point of view of materials in curing process, three curing deformation control strategies, including (i) reinforcement structure optimization, (ii) resin modification and process optimization, (iii) die surface compensation and tool‐part contact optimization, were proposed. And with the development of curing deformation simulation technology, the (iv) inverse design strategy before curing and (v) hot sizing method from the view of after cured were further put forward, respectively. By analyzing the link between processing details and curing deformation, it is found that the dominant factor affecting deformation may change under different conditions, so the interaction between factors needs to be further discussed. Subsequently, the effect of these distortion control methods on curing deformation was analyzed and evaluated, and the shortcomings were pointed out. Finally, the challenges existed in curing deformation research were identified, in order to contribute to the development of curing deformation research.

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“…Raman scattering is a two-photon event. As known, the process focuses on the change in polarizability of a molecule which take account of its vibrational motion [50,51]. In [52], the authors focus on this method and describe its essence in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of MWCNTs on Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin for Aircraft Applications

Mucha¹,

Krzyżak²,

Kosicka

et al. 2020

Materials

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The aim of the study is to assess the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the wear behavior of MWCNT-doped epoxy resin. In this study, a laminating resin system designed to meet the standards for motor planes was modified with MWCNTs at mass fractions from 0.0 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%. The properties of the carbon nanotubes were determined in Raman spectroscopy and HR-TEM. An examination of wear behavior was conducted on a linear abraser with a visual inspection on an optical microscope and SEM imaging, mass loss measurement, and evaluation of the wear volume on a profilometer. Moreover, the mechanical properties of MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposite were evaluated through a tensile test and Shore D hardness test. The study shows that the best wear resistance is achieved for the mass percentage between 0.25 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%. For the same range, the tensile strength reaches the highest values and the hardness the lowest values. Together with surface imaging and a topography analysis, this allowed describing the wear behavior in the friction node and the importance of the properties of the epoxy nanocomposite.

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Study of the Degree of Cure through Thermal Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy in Composite-Forming Processes

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

Review of curing deformation control methods for carbon fiber reinforced resin composites

Effect of MWCNTs on Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin for Aircraft Applications

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