Study of the electromagnetic exposure from mobile phones in a city like environment: The case study of Leuven, Belgium

Iyare, Rachel Nkem; Volskiy, Vladimir; Vandenbosch, Guy A. E.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.029

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Data are insufficient to actually evaluate the levels of exposure from various EMF sources and to grasp the transition of wireless technologies in an individual's various activities in daily life. Research on exposure level monitoring has already been conducted mainly in Europe and other countries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In some countries, the exposure levels from mobile phone base stations and broadcasting transmission towers have been monitored and disclosed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important point is to investigate the actual EMF level in the vicinity of a mobile phone, because they are usually used close to the head and the body. Thus, exposure levels from mobile phones were also evaluated in other countries [14][15][16]. Since it is difficult to evaluate exposure levels anywhere and anytime, some techniques to extrapolate and estimate using measurement or simulation data are proposed and studied [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan

Onishi

Ikuyo

Tobita

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Recent progress in wireless technologies has made human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) increasingly complex. The situation can increase public concerns related to possible health effects due to EMF exposure. Monitoring EMF exposure levels and characterizing them are indispensable for risk communications of human exposure to EMFs. From this background, a project on the acquisition, accumulation, and applications of EMF exposure monitoring data in Japan was started in 2019. One of the objectives of this project is to obtain a comprehensive picture of EMF exposure in actual daily lives. In 2019 and 2020, we measured the electric field (E-field) strength from mainly mobile phone base stations in the same areas as those in measurements conducted in 2006 and 2007 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan, and compared the data to investigate the time-course of the EMF environment. The number of measured points was 100 (10 × 10 grids) in an area of 1 km × 1 km in two urban and two suburban areas, and that in an underground shopping mall was 158. This large-scale study is the first in Japan. As a result, we found that the measured E-field strengths tended to be higher in 2019 and 2020 than those in 2006 and 2007, especially in the mall. However, the median ratios to the Japanese radio wave protection guideline values for urban areas and malls are lower than −40 dB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan

Onishi

Ikuyo

Tobita

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors have been conducting research for the purpose of quantitatively grasping the actual conditions of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure levels in daily life and investigating the optimal way of risk communication using monitoring data since 2019 [1][2][3][4][5]. Studies on monitoring RF EMF exposure levels have also been conducted in other countries, especially those of the European Union [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In our spot measurement, we measured the RF EMF exposure level from mobile phone base stations and broadcast transmission stations in Tokyo suburbs and regional cities and compared them with past measurement results [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Monitoring of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations and Broadcast Transmission Towers by Car-Mounted Measurements around Tokyo

et al. 2023

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Car-mounted measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure levels were carried out in a large area around Tokyo. Prior to the electric field (E-field) measurements using a car, the effect of the car body was evaluated in an anechoic chamber. The measurements between May 2021 and February 2022 were carried out within a radius of 100 km centering on Nihonbashi, Tokyo, with a measurement distance of about 13,800 km. The measurement results were averaged in the reference area mesh (1 km2). It was found that the E-field strengths of FM/TV frequency bands are lower than that of mobile phone base stations. It was also found that the E-field strength of only the 5G frequency band is approximately 20–30 dB lower than that of all mobile phone systems. However, note that it is possible to depend on the data traffic of 5G. The E-field strength of all bands is higher in Tokyo than in other prefectures. Additionally, repeated measurements were carried out to investigate the reproducibility of the measured E-field. The standard deviation is less than 3 dB along the same route, and a similar tendency of E-field strength by the car to the time-averaged results of spot measurements in the past was confirmed. Finally, the relationship of E-field strength with population density was investigated. It was found that the E-field strength from mobile phone base stations has a positive relationship with population density.

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What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid

López

Félix²,

Rivera³

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Study of the electromagnetic exposure from mobile phones in a city like environment: The case study of Leuven, Belgium

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan

Radiofrequency Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations in Outdoor Environments and an Underground Shopping Mall in Japan

Large-Area Monitoring of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Levels from Mobile Phone Base Stations and Broadcast Transmission Towers by Car-Mounted Measurements around Tokyo

What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid

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