Study of the Process of Calibration of Confectionery Sunflower Seeds

Abstract

The aim of the research was to make the mechanical and technological process of calibrating confectionery sunflower seeds with a vibrating sieve more effective by giving reasons for its rational methodical and technological parameters. The study of calibration of confectionery sunflower seeds had two stages: numerical simulation and experimental verification. For the first stage, the physical models for numerical simulation (in the STAR-CCM+ software package) of the movement of seeds with a vibrating sieve were: k-ɛ model of separated flow turbulence, gravity field, Van der Waals real gas model, discrete elements model, multiphase interaction model. The second stage, experimental verification of the models obtained, was carried out on a calibration machine (sizer) OKMF. Sieves of three types were selected: perforated sieves, rod sieves, and precision sieves (produced by laser cutting). The numerical simulation of moving the confectionery sunflower seeds with a vibrating sieve has allowed determining how changes in total concentration and productivity depend on the way of the input of the seeds, the sieve angle, the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the sieve. To make the seed separation process effective, the vibrating sieve is to operate with the maximum productivity equal to the seed input (1,202 kg/h), with the maximum total seed concentration (10.83%). Experimental studies of moving the seeds of confectionery sunflower with vibrating sieves of different types (perforated screens, rod sieves, and precision sieves) have allowed establishing how changes in total concentration, productivity, and consumed power of the calibrating machine depend on the seed input, sieve angle, and frequency of vibrations of the sieve. To make the seed separation process effective, the vibrating sieve is to operate with the maximum productivity equal to the seed input (perforated screens – 1.116 kg/h, rod sieves – 1,518 kg/h, precision sieves – 1,781 kg/h), with the following total seed concentrations: perforated sieves – 14.54%, rod sieves – 12.45%, precision sieves – 10.41%, and power P (perforated sieves – 0.24 kW, rod sieves – 0.30 kW, precision sieves – 0.35 kW) consumed by the calibrating machine must be minimum. Precision sieves (produced by laser cutting) have the best characteristics of their performance (q=1781 kg/h) and quality (θ=10.41%). For this, the frequency of their vibrations should be 5.9 Hz, and their angle should be 5°.

Confectionery sunflower breeding and supply chain in Eastern Europe

“…What is specific for growing confectionery sunflower is that the big producers perform the harvest when the seeds have low moisture content, < 9%, and that the seed is sent to processing immediately after the harvest. Since the seed size defines confectionery sunflower quality and price, special attention is paid to separation of the seeds by their size during processing (Shevchenko and Aliiev, 2018).…”

Рівень Прояву Господарських Ознак Кондитерського Соняшника В Умовах Північного Степу України

“…Біологічні та генетичні особливості соняшнику, різноманіття природних умов його вирощування, а також вимоги олійно-жирової, харчової та лакофарбової промисловості зумовлюють багатогранність та специфіку задач у селекції цієї культури та агротехнічних прийомів її вирощування, які забезпечують високу якість насіння (сировини) (Puzik et al, 2014;Ilkiv, 2014). Кондитерська промисловість ставить перед сільськогосподарською наукою свої задачі -вирощування крупноплідних сортів соняшнику з хорошими фізико-механічними якостями насіння, підвищеним вмістом у них білка, технологічними у переробці, з коефіцієнтом їх шеретування (виходом чистого ядра) не нижче 0,6-0,7 (Demir, 2014;Shevchenko & Aliiev, 2018;Aldemir et al, 2016).…”

Scientific Justification of the Process of Separation of Grain Materials in the Aerodynamic Separator

“…materials in the aspiration channels of separators [1][2][3][4], but it should be noted that in most cases the grain material is considered as a monolayer of grains [2], which enters the pneumatic channels of the separator. Under these conditions, fractionation into separate fractions and subsequent removal of impurities from the grain material layer takes place along the length of the horizontal pneumatic separating channel [3][4][5], which significantly worsens the quality.…”