The purpose. To determine aerodynamic properties of seeds of olive crops of grades of selection of Institute of olive crops of NAAS with the purpose to intensify processes of their purification and separation. Methods. Researches carried out in laboratory conditions with the use of practical standards in which basic methods of physical simulation and mathematical statistics are assumed. Results. Features of change of an angle of inclination of a straight line of trend of dependences of speed of soaring on geometrical parameters of seeds of olive crops that is determined by their shape. Сonclusions. Dependences are received of speeds of soaring on geometrical parameters of seeds of olive crops: with increase of geometrical sizes of seeds the speed of soaring increased linearly for each crop.

The aim of the research was to make the mechanical and technological process of calibrating confectionery sunflower seeds with a vibrating sieve more effective by giving reasons for its rational methodical and technological parameters. The study of calibration of confectionery sunflower seeds had two stages: numerical simulation and experimental verification. For the first stage, the physical models for numerical simulation (in the STAR-CCM+ software package) of the movement of seeds with a vibrating sieve were: k-ɛ model of separated flow turbulence, gravity field, Van der Waals real gas model, discrete elements model, multiphase interaction model. The second stage, experimental verification of the models obtained, was carried out on a calibration machine (sizer) OKMF. Sieves of three types were selected: perforated sieves, rod sieves, and precision sieves (produced by laser cutting). The numerical simulation of moving the confectionery sunflower seeds with a vibrating sieve has allowed determining how changes in total concentration and productivity depend on the way of the input of the seeds, the sieve angle, the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the sieve. To make the seed separation process effective, the vibrating sieve is to operate with the maximum productivity equal to the seed input (1,202 kg/h), with the maximum total seed concentration (10.83%). Experimental studies of moving the seeds of confectionery sunflower with vibrating sieves of different types (perforated screens, rod sieves, and precision sieves) have allowed establishing how changes in total concentration, productivity, and consumed power of the calibrating machine depend on the seed input, sieve angle, and frequency of vibrations of the sieve. To make the seed separation process effective, the vibrating sieve is to operate with the maximum productivity equal to the seed input (perforated screens – 1.116 kg/h, rod sieves – 1,518 kg/h, precision sieves – 1,781 kg/h), with the following total seed concentrations: perforated sieves – 14.54%, rod sieves – 12.45%, precision sieves – 10.41%, and power P (perforated sieves – 0.24 kW, rod sieves – 0.30 kW, precision sieves – 0.35 kW) consumed by the calibrating machine must be minimum. Precision sieves (produced by laser cutting) have the best characteristics of their performance (q=1781 kg/h) and quality (θ=10.41%). For this, the frequency of their vibrations should be 5.9 Hz, and their angle should be 5°.

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The bacterial and micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected with broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) have been compared. The investigations were carried out in the conditions of a stationary infectious field which was annually enriched with infected plant residues and broomrape seeds collected in different regions of Ukraine. Soil is leached, low-humic chernozem with acidic pH. The soil samples selected at the end of vegetation from the rhizosphere of healthy and infected with broomrape plants of sunflower breeding samples. The total number of bacteria found in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite did not differ significantly from the control and was 11.7 and 12.1 million CFU / g of soil, respectively. The numbers of ammonifiers as well as bacterial microflora, using for its life mineral nitrogen, and pedotrophs and oligotrophs in the compared soil samples did not differ significantly, and generally corresponded to this type of soil. Although in general, both tested samples of soil were characterized by a low content of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the number of representatives of this genus in the rhizosphere of parasite-infected plants was somewhat less than in control (35 % and 21 %, respectively). However, unlike most bacteria, the number of micromycetes detected on Czapek-Dox and starch-ammonia agar media, in the rhizosphere of plants infected by broomrape almost twice exceeded the number of these microorganisms in the rhizosphere of healthy plants. Analysis of the generic and species composition of microscopic fungi showed that in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite a very specific mycocenosis was formed that differ from a mycocenosis of healthy plants. This mycocenosis was characterized by a much smaller number of genera and species of micromycetes. At the same time for the structure of the fungal cenosis of diseased plants there was a characteristic increase in the proportion of toxin-forming fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with active conidiogenesis. The obtained data testify not only to the differences in the microbial complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected by broomrape, but also indicate the direction of action of this parasite.